Introduction
Stroke ranks as the second leading cause of mortality among adults worldwide, with ischemic stroke accounting for 60%-70% of all cases.1,2 Obstruction of cerebral blood flow initiates a profound inflammatory response characterized by the activation of brain-resident immune cells and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. This cascade ultimately leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, exacerbating brain tissue injury—a key pathological factor hindering neurological recovery after ischemic stroke.3,4 Currently, a large number of anti-inflammatory agents have been developed preclinically to combat inflammatory damage. Still, most of them focus on the study of a single drug target, which is not only inefficient in brain targeting and makes it difficult to achieve the expected clinical efficacy…