This study has revealed several critical insights into the state of sexual health knowledge among Japanese junior high school students. Our findings indicate a limited understanding of key concepts such as OCs, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning given the potential health implications for young people. Although students receive some education about body changes and pregnancy mechanisms in health and physical education classes, our results suggest that these classes may not adequately address crucial topics like cervical cancer prevention and the importance of the HPV vaccine. This is consistent with previous research highlighting the inadequacy of traditional sex education in Japan to cover these critical aspects of sexual health. This highlights the need for more…