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Leaders of Russia, China, Iran to attend summit in Kyrgyzstan

The leaders of Russia, China, and Iran are set to attend a summit in Kyrgyzstan, a development that could impact regional dynamics. This meeting comes as the US seeks to strengthen its presence in Central Asia, with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio heading to Uzbekistan for talks. The summit is part of a broader context of deepening relations between Moscow and Tehran, particularly since Russia's military offensive in Ukraine.

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  • ✓ Kyrgyzstan's president emphasizes that lasting stability in Afghanistan requires dialogue and coordinated international action.
  • ✓ US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is heading to Uzbekistan for talks with five Central Asian countries.
🛡️ Source Corroboration: 89 independent reporting domains (80% confidence) ⏱ Read time: ~2 min

What changed

The confirmation of attendance by leaders of Russia, China, and Iran at the summit in Kyrgyzstan provides an update on the evolving dynamics in Central Asia.

Live updates

  1. Leaders of Russia, China, Iran to attend summit in Kyrgyzstan

    The leaders of Russia, China, and Iran are set to attend a summit in Kyrgyzstan, a development that could impact regional dynamics. This meeting comes as the US seeks to strengthen its presence in Central Asia, with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio heading to Uzbekistan for talks. The summit is part of a broader context of deepening relations between Moscow and Tehran, particularly since Russia's military offensive in Ukraine.

    Why it matters

    The summit in Kyrgyzstan is part of a Commonwealth of Independent States meeting, which could provide a platform for discussions on regional security and cooperation. The attendance of leaders from Russia, China, and Iran underscores the strategic importance of Central Asia in global geopolitics. The US is also seeking to expand its influence in the region, amid concerns about the dominance of Russia and China.

    What is confirmed

    • Kyrgyzstan's president emphasizes that lasting stability in Afghanistan requires dialogue and coordinated international action.
    • US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is heading to Uzbekistan for talks with five Central Asian countries.

    What to watch next

    • The outcome of the summit in Kyrgyzstan and its implications for regional dynamics.
    • The US Secretary of State's talks in Uzbekistan and potential agreements or outcomes.
    Sources used for this update (6)
    1. www.rferl.org — Rubio Heads To Central Asia As US Seeks Bigger Role In Region Dominated By Russia, China
    2. www.afintl.com — Lasting Stability In Afghanistan Requires Dialogue, Says Kyrgyz President
    3. government.ru — News - The Russian Government
    4. insuranceasia.com — Singlife launches first insurer-led obesity care programme | Insurance Asia
    5. www.scmp.com — Central Asia: Latest News and Updates | South China Morning Post
    6. en.kabar.kg — Latest Kyrgyzstan News — Kabar
    confidence 80%
  2. Putin Offers Iran Aid to End Mideast War Ahead of Summit

    Russian President Vladimir Putin met with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian in Turkmenistan to discuss the Middle East conflict, vowing to do everything in his power to help settle the situation. The leaders of the two heavily sanctioned nations held talks ahead of a Commonwealth of Independent States summit in the Caspian Sea resort of Avaza. Putin stated that Iran made real efforts to end the war following US-Israeli attacks that began on February 28. Relations between Moscow and Tehran have deepened significantly since Russia launched its military offensive in Ukraine in February 2022.

    Why it matters

    The diplomatic engagement highlights the strengthening military and political alignment between Moscow and Western-sanctioned states. Both Russia and Iran face extensive international isolation, driving closer bilateral cooperation and mutual reliance. The discussions precede regional summits that bring together leaders from across Eurasia to discuss security and economic ties.

    What is confirmed

    • Russian President Vladimir Putin vowed on Thursday to do everything to help end the Middle East war during talks with Iranian counterpart Masoud Pezeshkian.
    • The meeting between Putin and Pezeshkian took place in Turkmenistan ahead of a Commonwealth of Independent States summit in the Caspian Sea resort of Avaza.
    • Putin stated that Russia is ready to do everything in its power to contribute to the settlement of the situation.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Kyiv and Western countries have accused Iran of supplying Russia with military equipment for use in Ukraine.

    What to watch next

    • Developments and official announcements emerging from the regional summits involving Russian, Chinese, and Iranian leadership.
    • Further diplomatic exchanges regarding potential mediation efforts by Moscow in the Middle East conflict.
    Sources used for this update (10)
    1. timesofindia.indiatimes.com — 'Ready to do everything in our power': Putin offers to help ...
    2. english.aawsat.com — Putin Offers Help to Iran to End Mideast War ahead of Summit
    3. www.channelnewsasia.com — Putin offers help to Iran to end Middle East war ahead of summit - CNA
    4. jen.jiji.com — Putin offers help to Iran to end Mideast war ahead of summit - JIJI PRESS
    5. www.hindustantimes.com — Putin offers help to Iran to end Middle East war ahead of CIS summit
    6. www.wionews.com — Putin to take part in SCO summit, meet China's Xi, India's ...
    7. cambodianess.com — Putin Offers Help to Iran to End Mideast War Ahead of Summit | Cambodianess
    8. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan forecasts nearly 3.8 tn tenge in oil revenues for 2027
    9. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan’s camel milk may hit shelves in China and Middle East stores
    10. Modern.az — More than 100 Azerbaijani government websites subjected to cyberattack
    confidence 100%
  3. Putin Offers Iran Help Ahead of CIS Summit

    Russian President Vladimir Putin offered assistance to Iran to help end the Middle East conflict during discussions with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian in Turkmenistan. Pezeshkian told Putin that Iran and the United States traded new proposals for talks. Meanwhile, Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov proposed organizing joint Commonwealth of Independent States events to mark the 100th birthday of Chingiz Aitmatov and invited CIS leaders to the Second Global Mountain Summit Bishkek plus 25 in Kyrgyzstan in October 2027. Putin also pledged closer ties with former Soviet neighbors at the CIS gathering.

    Why it matters

    Diplomatic forums across Eurasia serve as key venues where major state actors engage regional governments through economic and political initiatives. Recent diplomatic engagements highlight how heavily sanctioned nations coordinate strategies and manage regional relations amidst shifting geopolitical power dynamics. These summits allow leaders to discuss bilateral projects and address broader international conflicts.

    What is confirmed

    • Vladimir Putin offered help to Iran to end the Middle East war ahead of a CIS summit.
    • Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian met Vladimir Putin in Turkmenistan.
    • President Sadyr Japarov invited CIS leaders to the Second Global Mountain Summit Bishkek plus 25 in October 2027.
    • Kyrgyzstan proposed CIS-wide events to mark the 100th birthday of Chingiz Aitmatov.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Iran and the United States traded new proposals for talks, according to Pezeshkian.
    • Vladimir Putin pledged closer ties with ex-Soviet neighbors at the CIS summit.

    What to watch next

    • Further developments regarding US-Iran talks and proposals
    • Formal CIS adoption of proposed joint events for Chingiz Aitmatov's 100th birthday
    • Preparations for the Bishkek plus 25 Mountain Summit in October 2027
    Sources used for this update (8)
    1. economictimes.indiatimes.com — Putin offers help to Iran to end Middle East war ahead of CIS summit
    2. en.kabar.kg — Kyrgyz president invites CIS leaders to "Bishkek+25" Mountain ...
    3. arynews.tv — Vladimir Putin offers help to Iran to end Mideast war - ARY News
    4. 24.kg — Kyrgyzstan proposes CIS-wide events to mark Chingiz Aitmatov ...
    5. akipress.com — President Japarov invites CIS leaders to Global Mountain ...
    6. SLDinfo.com — Hedging Down What Modi’s Words at Bishkek Tell Us About India ...
    7. www.bastillepost.com — Putin pledges closer ties with ex-Soviet neighbors at CIS summit
    8. www.trtworld.com — Iran and US traded new proposals for talks, Pezeshkian tells Putin in Turkmenistan
    confidence 90%
  4. China Influence and Eurasian Power Dynamics Focus

    Understanding modern Eurasia requires examining the resurgent influence of China across the region. Regional developments show that tracking Beijing and other major state actors remains central to analyzing Eurasian policy. Observers studying this diplomatic sphere monitor how external states interact with local governments through various forums and economic initiatives. Reporting from regional correspondents continues to track these shifts in geopolitical power, offering insights into strategic decisions made by capitals across the region.

    Why it matters

    Eurasian geopolitics are shaped heavily by major state actors competing for influence. Analysts utilize monthly newsletters and on-the-ground reporting to trace how these diplomatic maneuvers impact neighboring nations. Beijing's expanding footprint across the region serves as a primary driver for these shifts.

    What is confirmed

    • It has become impossible to tell the biggest stories shaping Eurasia without considering China's resurgent influence.

    What to watch next

    • Further monthly reporting and insights on Beijing's activities in Eurasia.
    Sources used for this update (5)
    1. 2.boredpanda.com — 20 Most Influential Leaders Who Changed The World (For Better Or...
    2. www.leaderscu.com — Leaders Credit Union | West Tennessee Banking, Loans & Education
    3. www.rferl.org — China In Eurasia - RFE/RL
    4. www.discoverwalks.com — 50 Most Famous World Leaders We Should All Know About
    5. www.weareteachers.com — 65 Famous World Leaders Everyone Should Know - WeAreTeachers
    confidence 50%
  5. Leaders Convene in Kyrgyzstan for Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit

    Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Bishkek for a state visit to Kyrgyzstan and to participate in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit. Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov and other leaders from member states gathered for the international forum. Meanwhile, India sent a national coordinator delegation led by Joint Secretary Alok Dimri to an Islamabad meeting to prepare for the 2027 heads of state summit. The bloc has grown from six founding members to a twenty-seven-nation family over its twenty-five-year history.

    Why it matters

    The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit serves as a platform for discussing regional security, economic cooperation, and multilateral partnerships amid shifting global alliances. Kyrgyzstan is hosting the high-stakes gathering to elevate its international profile. Preparations are already underway for future leadership meetings, including coordination efforts in Pakistan.

    What is confirmed

    • Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Bishkek for a state visit to Kyrgyzstan and to participate in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit.
    • India's National Coordinator Alok Dimri led a delegation at a three-day Shanghai Cooperation Organisation meeting in Islamabad to prepare for the 2027 heads of state summit.
    • The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation has expanded from six founding members to a 27-nation family.

    What to watch next

    • Further official announcements and joint agreements emerging from the Bishkek summit
    • Updates on the participation schedule for the 2027 heads of state summit
    Sources used for this update (16)
    1. en.ce.cn — Xi's SCO attendance, state visits to energize regional ...
    2. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan eyes joint projects, technology transfer with Denmark at business forum
    3. www.chosun.com — Historic US-China-Russia Summit Possible at APEC
    4. en.ce.cn — Xi to attend SCO summit, pay state visit to Kyrgyzstan, Egypt
    5. www.wionews.com — India delegation attends SCO meeting in Pakistan ahead of 2027 summit: Alok Dimri leads team - WION,Lates....
    6. millenniumnews24.com — Kyrgyzstan Hosts Pivotal SCO Summit Amid Global Geopolitical ...
    7. en.ce.cn — Xi kicks off state visit to Kyrgyzstan, hailing "golden ...
    8. jen.jiji.com — 2026 Asian Games: Kazakhstan wins silver in water polo
    9. timesofindia.indiatimes.com — Govt backs SCO connectivity, trade agenda but PM’s Pak visit uncertain | India News
    10. www.youtube.com — SCO SUMMIT LIVE | Chinese President Xi Jinping Meets ...
    11. jen.jiji.com — Karin: President backs entire education system, not just teachers
    12. mining-events.com — 9th Mining 4.0 Europe 2026 | Mining Operations & Performance Summit - Future Bridge Mining
    confidence 100%
  6. Leaders of Russia, China, Iran to attend summit in Kyrgyzstan

    The leaders of Russia, China, and Iran are set to attend a summit in Kyrgyzstan. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) national coordinators meeting took place in Islamabad from September 28 to 30, with India represented by Joint Secretary Alok Dimri. The meeting aimed to prepare for the 2027 SCO leaders' summit.

    Why it matters

    The SCO summit is a significant event that brings together leaders from member countries to discuss regional security, economic cooperation, and other issues. The summit assumes importance given the current global geopolitical scenario. Kyrgyzstan is hosting the summit, although the exact dates are not specified. The SCO has been working to strengthen cooperation among its member states.

    What is confirmed

    • The number of people registered with Alzheimer's disease in Kazakhstan has surged more than fivefold over the past five years, rising from 677 cases in 2021 to 3,706 in 2025.
    • Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić has resigned, with the first round of presidential elections scheduled for the end of December 2026.
    • Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian warned enemies of 'surprises' as new military technology awaits.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Kazakhstan observed a National Day of Mourning on September 25 after servicemen died during exercises in the Caspian Sea.

    What to watch next

    • The 2027 SCO leaders' summit in Kyrgyzstan
    • India-Pakistan bilateral talks or track-two diplomacy
    • Developments in Alzheimer's disease research and treatment in Kazakhstan
    Sources used for this update (10)
    1. www.breitbart.com — Vladimir Putin Articles - Breitbart
    2. jen.jiji.com — Serbian President Vučić resigns
    3. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan sees more than fivefold surge in Alzheimer’s patients since 2021
    4. gtvnewshd.com — Iran Warns Enemies: “Surprises” Are Ready as New Military Technology Awaits
    5. economictimes.indiatimes.com — India joins SCO meeting in Islamabad to prepare for 2027 leaders' summit
    6. zeenews.india.com — India to participate in SCO coordinator’s meet in Islamabad | India, World News | Zee News
    7. gulfnews.com — Indian Delegation Visits Pakistan for Key Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Talks in Islamabad - Gulf New....
    8. www.euronews.com — The business of peace: US investment push takes the TRIPP corridor from diplomacy to trade
    9. www.outlookindia.com — India At SCO Meet In Islamabad: What To Expect From The Meeting | Outlook India
    10. www.dnaindia.com — India-Pakistan thaw, track-two diplomacy? Senior MEA officer attends SCO meetings in Islamabad - DNA Indi....
    confidence 80%
  7. Kazakhstan mourns Caspian Sea service deaths as foreign ministers meet

    Kazakhstan observed a National Day of Mourning on September 25 after servicemen died during exercises in the Caspian Sea. Foreign ministers of Kazakhstan and Russia met on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly's 81st session High-Level Week to reaffirm their strategic partnership. Meanwhile, latest Russian attacks killed at least five people in Kyiv while the United States sought to revive ceasefire talks. Global leaders sent messages of condolence to Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev over the military tragedy, and Gazprom increased gas supplies to CIS countries.

    Why it matters

    The diplomatic engagements and regional mourning occur alongside broader international friction involving Russia, Ukraine, and multilateral bodies. Energy ties within the Commonwealth of Independent States continue to shift, highlighted by Gazprom boosting gas volumes driven by sales to Kazakhstan. At the same time, regional alignment debates persist as opposition figures comment on Armenia pursuing European Union accession without damaging relations with Moscow.

    What is confirmed

    • Kazakhstan declared a National Day of Mourning for September 25 following the deaths of servicemen during exercises in the Caspian Sea.
    • Kazakh Foreign Minister Mukhtar Tileuberdi met with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly 81st session High-Level Week to discuss bilateral cooperation.
    • Gazprom increased gas supplies to CIS countries by 29 percent in the first half of 2026, driven primarily by increased sales volumes to Kazakhstan.

    Still unconfirmed

    • The European Union does not want Armenia seeking accession to worsen ties with Russia according to opposition leader Samvel Karapetyan.
    • The United States is actively seeking to revive Russia-Ukraine ceasefire talks amidst ongoing attacks in Kyiv.

    What to watch next

    • Further bilateral agreements emerging from the Kazakhstan-Russia foreign ministerial meeting
    • Updates on US-led efforts to revive Russia-Ukraine ceasefire negotiations
    Sources used for this update (5)
    1. www.aljazeera.com — US seeking to revive Russia-Ukraine ceasefire talks
    2. jen.jiji.com — World leaders continue to send condolences to Kazakhstan over Caspian Sea tragedy
    3. jen.jiji.com — Kazakh, Russian FMs reaffirm commitment to strengthening strategic partnership, allied ties
    4. tass.com — EU doesn’t want Armenia, seeking accession to worsen ties with Russia — opposition leader
    5. tass.com — Gazprom increases gas supplies to CIS-countries by 29% in 1H 2026
    confidence 90%
  8. US and China leaders meet for third summit in one year

    US President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping are meeting at Joint Base Andrews to discuss AI, trade, and Iran. This marks their third face-to-face encounter within a twelve-month period. While the two superpowers negotiate, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has criticized the post-1945 world order as unfit for purpose, stating the Indo-Pacific should not serve as a chessboard for global powers. These diplomatic movements coincide with Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov's recent push for UN Security Council expansion to include African nations.

    Why it matters

    The frequency of Trump-Xi meetings suggests an urgent effort to manage bilateral tensions. Albanese's comments reflect growing regional resistance to superpower competition in the Indo-Pacific.

    Still unconfirmed

    • US President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping will discuss AI, trade, and Iran.
    • Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stated the post-1945 world order is no longer fit for purpose.
    • Anthony Albanese warned that the Indo-Pacific must not be treated as a superpower chessboard.

    What to watch next

    • Official outcomes of the Trump-Xi discussions on AI and trade
    • Response from the UN Security Council to Sadyr Zhaparov's reform proposals
    Sources used for this update (2)
    1. www.aljazeera.com — Trump-Xi summit: Here’s what’s on the agenda, and why it matters
    2. en.yenisafak.com — Albanese warns Indo-Pacific not 'chessboard' for powers
    confidence 80%
  9. Kyrgyz President Proposes UN Security Council Expansion in New York

    Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov called for adding new permanent members to the United Nations Security Council during his speech at the 81st session of the UN General Assembly in New York. Zhaparov stated that expanding the Security Council is a vital part of the reforms expected by the international community. He asserted that granting permanent seats to the African continent would be fair. Meanwhile, US President Donald Trump planned to greet Chinese President Xi Jinping upon his arrival at Joint Base Andrews on Wednesday afternoon.

    Why it matters

    The appeal for global governance reforms comes as regional leaders prepare for an upcoming summit in Kyrgyzstan involving the heads of Russia, China, and Iran. This diplomatic activity follows recent regional logistics expansion and international realignments tied to the aftermath of the US military campaign Operation Epic Fury. President Trump's tarmac welcome for President Xi marks an unusual departure from standard protocol.

    What is confirmed

    • Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov called for expanding the United Nations Security Council by adding new permanent members during the 81st session of the UN General Assembly in New York.
    • President Donald Trump planned to wait on the tarmac at Joint Base Andrews on Wednesday afternoon for the plane carrying Chinese President Xi Jinping.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov believes it would be fair to grant permanent UN Security Council seats to the African continent.

    What to watch next

    • Developments and official announcements from the upcoming summit of Russian, Chinese, and Iranian leaders in Kyrgyzstan
    • Outcomes of the meeting between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping
    Sources used for this update (2)
    1. jen.jiji.com — Kyrgyzstan proposes new permanent seats on UN Security Council
    2. alhurra.com — Trump-Xi Summit’s Likely Upshot: The Show Must Go On
    confidence 100%
  10. Russia, China, and Iran Leaders to Meet in Kyrgyzstan Amid Asian Trade Push

    Leaders of Russia, China, and Iran are preparing for a summit in Kyrgyzstan to coordinate leadership. This meeting coincides with a broader Russian diplomatic effort across the Global South focusing on fuel, trade, and transit. Regional logistics are expanding, with Uzbekistan and China recently discussing joint investment in warehouse infrastructure and e-commerce via Uztemiryulkonteyner JSC. These developments follow a period of instability caused by Operation Epic Fury, a US military campaign that targeted Iranian infrastructure starting February 28.

    Why it matters

    The summit occurs as Central Asian nations seek to diversify trade and infrastructure. Increased rail freight between Kazakhstan and China reflects a trend of deepening economic ties in the region.

    What is confirmed

    • Leaders from Russia, China, and Iran are scheduled to attend a summit in Kyrgyzstan.
    • Operation Epic Fury targeted Iranian infrastructure starting February 28.
    • Kazakhstan-China rail freight rose 9 percent to 18.7 million tons during the first half of 2026.
    • Uztemiryulkonteyner JSC representatives and the Uzbekistan Ministry of Transport visited Urumqi, China, to explore logistics infrastructure and the Urumqi Free Trade Zone.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Russian President Vladimir Putin has held a spate of meetings with dozens of Asian and African leaders regarding fuel, trade, and transit.
    • Turkmenistan's Serdar Berdimuhamedov has a transit plan gaining traction in South Korea.

    What to watch next

    • Official summit outcomes regarding leadership coordination in Kyrgyzstan
    • Implementation of joint warehouse projects between Uzbekistan and China
    Sources used for this update (6)
    1. jen.jiji.com — Vice President Karin joins volunteers, activists for tree planting in Astana
    2. jen.jiji.com — Tokayev tours Mynzhyldyk alley and GreenLine park in Astana
    3. jen.jiji.com — Japan's elderly population hits record high near 30%
    4. tol.org — Putin’s Diplomacy Blitz Across the Global South
    5. jen.jiji.com — Uzbekistan, China deepen cooperation in transport and logistics
    6. jen.jiji.com — Dimash Qudaibergen to take part in Kazakhstan’s “Reading Nation” marathon
    confidence 90%
  11. Russia, China, and Iran leaders to meet in Kyrgyzstan

    Leaders from Russia, China, and Iran are scheduled to attend a summit in Kyrgyzstan. This diplomatic gathering follows a period of intense US military activity in the region, specifically Operation Epic Fury, which targeted Iranian infrastructure starting February 28. While the summit focuses on leadership coordination, regional trade continues to expand, evidenced by a 9 percent rise in Kazakhstan-China rail freight to 18.7 million tons during the first half of 2026. Parallel economic efforts include a transit plan by Turkmenistan's Serdar Berdimuhamedov gaining traction in South Korea.

    Why it matters

    The summit occurs as the US manages the aftermath of a $33.4 billion campaign against Iran that caused strategic ammunition shortages. Central Asian nations are simultaneously diversifying trade corridors to link East-West and North-South routes. This shift suggests a strategic realignment of Eurasian logistics amid Western military pressure.

    What is confirmed

    • Kazakhstan-China rail freight reached 18.7 million tons in the first half of 2026.
    • The US spent $33.4 billion during the first four months of Operation Epic Fury.

    Still unconfirmed

    • A committee proposed increasing the Singaporean president's annual package to $2 million.
    • Serdar Berdimuhamedov's transit plan is finding new momentum in South Korea.

    What to watch next

    • Official communiques from the Kyrgyzstan summit regarding security pacts
    • Updates on the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route infrastructure
    • Further Pentagon reports on industrial resupply bottlenecks
    Sources used for this update (3)
    1. jen.jiji.com — Millions a year and tax-free payments: How much do heads of state earn?
    2. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan-China rail freight reaches 18.7 million tons in first half of 2026
    3. www.trend.az — Serdar Berdimuhamedov’s transit plan finds new momentum in S. Korea
    confidence 80%
  12. US military spends $33.4 billion in campaign against Iran

    The US spent $33.4 billion during the first four months of Operation Epic Fury, a military campaign launched February 28 to destroy Iran's security, naval, missile, and nuclear infrastructure. A Pentagon Inspector General report indicates the operation caused strategic ammunition shortages and revealed bottlenecks in the industrial resupply base. Of the total cost through June 30, $22.3 billion went to expended munitions, $7.4 billion to contingency operations, and $3.7 billion to equipment losses. The full cost is difficult to calculate because Congress did not allocate specific funding for the operation.

    Why it matters

    The military escalation follows a BRICS summit in New Delhi where leaders including Vladimir Putin and Masoud Pezeshkian linked Middle East security to global trade stability. While the US targets Iranian infrastructure, India has shifted its diplomatic stance to endorse most of Iran's concerns.

    What is confirmed

    • The US spent $33.4 billion between February 28 and June 30 on Operation Epic Fury.
    • Operation Epic Fury aims to destroy Iran's nuclear, missile, naval, and security infrastructure.
    • Munitions expenditure for the operation resulted in strategic inventory shortfalls.
    • The US spent $22.3 billion on expended munitions, $7.4 billion on contingency operations, and $3.7 billion on equipment losses through June 30.

    Still unconfirmed

    • The BRICS declaration endorsed most of Iran's main diplomatic concerns without condemning drone and missile attacks on Gulf states.

    What to watch next

    • Congressional allocation of specific funding for Operation Epic Fury
    • Updated Pentagon reports on munitions resupply bottlenecks
    Sources used for this update (5)
    1. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan plans fourth oil refinery by 2033
    2. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan’s recoverable oil reserves estimated at 4.4 billion tons
    3. jen.jiji.com — Iran war costs US $33.4bn, drains munitions
    4. thediplomat.com — BRICS Declaration: India’s Great U-turn on Iran
    5. jen.jiji.com — European Commission proposes EU KIDS Act to strengthen online safety of children
    confidence 90%
  13. BRICS Leaders Adopt Security Declaration in New Delhi

    BRICS leaders, including Xi Jinping, Vladimir Putin, and Masoud Pezeshkian, unanimously adopted a declaration in New Delhi on Saturday. The document links Middle East security to the stability of global trade and energy supplies, urging restraint and warning against attacks on civilian infrastructure and nuclear facilities. The bloc also established positions on artificial intelligence, tariffs, sanctions, and cross-border payments. Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted the two-day summit, where members called for cooperation to maintain the flow of goods and energy across borders amid escalating regional tensions.

    Why it matters

    The summit marks a strategic effort by the Global South to increase economic resilience and reform global governance. It follows President Xi's first visit to India since 2019. These discussions occur as the bloc seeks to reduce reliance on Western-led financial and political systems.

    What is confirmed

    • BRICS leaders adopted a declaration in New Delhi addressing threats to civilian infrastructure and disruptions to trade and energy supplies.
    • The declaration was approved unanimously on Saturday.
    • Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted the summit, which was attended by Xi Jinping, Vladimir Putin, and Masoud Pezeshkian.
    • The BRICS document warns against deliberate attacks on civilian infrastructure, specifically nuclear facilities.
    • The declaration outlines the bloc's positions on artificial intelligence, tariffs, sanctions, and cross-border payments.

    What to watch next

    • Implementation of the agreed cross-border payment frameworks
    • Further diplomatic actions regarding the forced displacement of Palestinians
    Sources used for this update (9)
    1. jen.jiji.com — AI-powered robot dogs join public safety efforts in Kazakhstan
    2. jen.jiji.com — President of Kazakhstan arrives in Republic of Korea for state visit
    3. baynews9.com — Young leaders to speak out at Lead the Change Summit
    4. jen.jiji.com — Rain, thunderstorms, and strong winds forecast in Kazakhstan
    5. jen.jiji.com — BRICS declaration links Middle East security with trade and energy
    6. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan to strengthen transport cooperation
    7. jen.jiji.com — KazTransOil’s Batumi Terminal records highest monthly throughput since 2017
    8. www.prospectmagazine.co.uk — On the world stage, Xi projects confidence
    9. eualive.net — Russia is losing influence in Azerbaijan. How Baku Is rewriting the rules with Moscow
    confidence 100%
  14. President Xi Jinping joins BRICS Summit in New Delhi

    Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in New Delhi on September 12 to attend the 18th BRICS Summit, marking his first visit to India since 2019. At the event hosted at Bharat Mandapam, Xi called for member states to increase their commitment to peace and stability in the Gulf region and Middle East. The summit focuses on Global South cooperation, economic resilience, and global governance. Xi joins Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, who are also in the city to strengthen strategic ties and discuss regional challenges.

    Why it matters

    The gathering occurs amid regional conflicts and economic volatility. India seeks constructive dialogue with China to resolve tensions while Iran uses the platform to challenge United States sanctions.

    What is confirmed

    • President Xi Jinping arrived in New Delhi on September 12 for the 18th BRICS Summit.
    • The summit is being hosted at Bharat Mandapam.
    • This is the first visit to India for President Xi since 2019.
    • Xi Jinping urged BRICS members to do more to promote peace in the Middle East and the Gulf region.

    What to watch next

    • Outcomes of the constructive talks between Prime Minister Modi and President Xi Jinping
    • Official joint declarations regarding Middle East stability from the BRICS member states
    Sources used for this update (5)
    1. jen.jiji.com — China to raise visa fees sevenfold for Japanese nationals
    2. tripurachronicle.in — Chinese Prez Xi accorded warm welcome in Delhi; India says looking forward to ‘constructive’ talks (Lead)
    3. jen.jiji.com — Kassym-Jomart Tokayev congratulates Kazakhstanis on Family Day
    4. www.ibtimes.co.in — Xi Jinping arrives in Delhi for BRICS Summit; India looks forward to constructive talks with Modi
    5. www.bluewin.ch — BRICS Summit: Xi Calls for Greater Commitment to Peace in the Middle East
    confidence 100%
  15. World Leaders Arrive in New Delhi for BRICS Summit

    World leaders have gathered in New Delhi for the 18th BRICS Summit, an event overshadowed by regional conflict and economic challenges. Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived early Friday for a three-day visit aimed at strengthening strategic ties with India. Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian also reached New Delhi to participate in the summit. Pezeshkian aims to bolster India-Iran relations, emphasizing trade, economic cooperation, and the Chabahar Port. He is also using the platform to assert defiance against United States sanctions and seek regional support amid escalating tensions.

    Why it matters

    The summit provides a high-level backdrop for bilateral diplomacy between member nations facing mounting geopolitical pressures. India serves as the host for this year's gathering of emerging economies. Tehran's participation highlights its push to counter deepening international isolation driven by United States policies.

    What is confirmed

    • Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian arrived in New Delhi to attend the 18th BRICS Summit.
    • Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived in India early Friday for a three-day visit.
    • Leaders from Russia and Iran were in India for talks on Friday ahead of the BRICS summit.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Iran is seeking specific support from BRICS members to counter the impact of escalating United States sanctions and regional tensions.

    What to watch next

    • Developments from ongoing bilateral meetings between participating world leaders
    • Official joint statements or policy agreements emerging from the conclusion of the BRICS summit
    Sources used for this update (4)
    1. telanganatoday.com — Iran President Masoud Pezeshkian arrives in Delhi for BRICS Summit
    2. www.omanobserver.om — India welcomes world leaders for BRICS summit
    3. www.themoscowtimes.com — Putin Meets Modi as India Hosts BRICS Summit
    4. www.thehindubusinessline.com — Iran takes defiant stance as US war deepens its isolation
    confidence 100%
  16. China confirms President Xi Jinping will attend BRICS Summit in New Delhi

    President Xi Jinping will visit India this weekend for the BRICS Summit starting September 12. This marks his first visit to India in approximately seven years. The trip follows a period of diplomatic uncertainty regarding his attendance. He arrives at the invitation of the Indian Prime Minister. The summit also serves as a backdrop for other high-level meetings, including scheduled bilateral talks between Prime Minister Modi and President Putin on September 11 to discuss trade and the sale of Su-57 fighter aircraft.

    Why it matters

    The summit provides a platform for Russia to signal that Western sanctions have not isolated it within the Global South and Eurasia. Bilateral relations between China and India are showing signs of improvement. The gathering coincides with broader regional activity in Central Asia.

    What is confirmed

    • President Xi Jinping will visit India to attend the BRICS Summit starting September 12.
    • Prime Minister Modi and President Putin are scheduled for bilateral talks on September 11.
    • The Modi-Putin agenda includes trade, economic cooperation, and the sale of Su-57 fighter aircraft.

    Still unconfirmed

    • President Xi Jinping's visit marks his first trip to India in about seven years.
    • China's announcement of Xi's visit indicates improving bilateral ties with India.

    What to watch next

    • Outcome of the September 11 bilateral talks regarding Su-57 aircraft sales.
    • Official statements from the BRICS Summit starting September 12.
    Sources used for this update (5)
    1. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan, Switzerland hold 7th round of political consultations
    2. jen.jiji.com — President Tokayev congratulates Rybakina on becoming world No. 1
    3. jen.jiji.com — M4.1 earthquake recorded in Kyrgyzstan
    4. www.theweek.in — Will Xi, won't Xi? Suspense over Chinese president's India visit for BRICS summit ends
    5. english.revoi.in — Xi Jinping to Attend BRICS Summit in New Delhi, Signs of Improving Bilateral Ties
    confidence 90%
  17. Modi and Putin to discuss Su-57 aircraft sale during bilateral meeting

    Prime Minister Modi and President Putin will hold bilateral talks on Friday, September 11, to discuss the sale of Su-57 fighter aircraft to India. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed the aircraft sale is on the agenda alongside trade and economic cooperation. The meeting occurs on the sidelines of the 18th BRICS Summit. Russia intends to use such high-level engagements to demonstrate that Western sanctions have failed to isolate the country within Eurasia and the Global South.

    Why it matters

    Russia views the SCO and BRICS frameworks as tools to lead a multipolar alternative to the current global system. These meetings serve as a diplomatic counterweight to Western isolation efforts.

    What is confirmed

    • Prime Minister Modi and President Putin will hold bilateral talks on Friday, September 11.
    • The sale of Su-57 aircraft to India is on the agenda for the meeting.
    • Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed the discussion of the Su-57 sale and broader trade and economic cooperation.

    Still unconfirmed

    • The meeting between Modi and Putin will take place in New Delhi.

    What to watch next

    • Confirmation of the final venue for the bilateral talks
    • Outcome of the Su-57 aircraft sale negotiations
    • Official statements from the Indian government regarding the defense agenda
    Sources used for this update (4)
    1. www.tbsnews.net — PM Modi, Russia's Putin to hold bilateral talks on Friday, Su-57 aircraft sale to India on agenda
    2. www.deccanchronicle.com — SCO At 25: A Mirror Of Eurasian Chasms
    3. www.fortuneindia.com — BRICS Summit: PM Modi, President Putin to hold bilateral meeting on September 11
    4. pragativadi.com — PM Modi, Putin to hold bilateral talks on September 11; Su-57 fighter jet sale on agenda
    confidence 90%
  18. Central Asian Security and Regional Diplomatic Talks Advance

    Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan reaffirmed their allied relations during a phone call on Tuesday between Foreign Minister Mukhtar Tileuberdi and Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Zheenbek Kulubaev. The conversation, initiated by Kyrgyzstan, covered trade, investment, transport, and upcoming international events. Simultaneously, Kazakh Minister of Internal Affairs Yerzhan Sadenov met with Chinese Minister of Public Security Wang Xiaohong in Beijing during a Central Asia-China security meeting. The officials finalized an agreement on public order and security at the Khorgos International Border Cooperation Center.

    Why it matters

    These diplomatic developments unfold alongside high-level regional engagements in Central Asia involving leaders from Russia, China, and Iran. Neighboring states are actively aligning security and economic frameworks amid shifting geopolitical pressures. Meanwhile, broader international friction involves Turkish concerns over regional encirclement and massive global demand for advanced semiconductor manufacturing capacity.

    What is confirmed

    • Kazakhstan Foreign Minister Mukhtar Tileuberdi and Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Zheenbek Kulubaev discussed strengthening allied relations in a phone conversation on Tuesday.
    • Kazakh Minister of Internal Affairs Yerzhan Sadenov met with Chinese Minister of Public Security Wang Xiaohong in Beijing on September 7.
    • Kazakhstan and China signed an agreement on ensuring security and public order at the Khorgos International Border Cooperation Center.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co is building 25 chip and packaging plants this year due to soaring artificial intelligence demand.

    What to watch next

    • Developments from the summit in Kyrgyzstan involving the leaders of Russia, China, and Iran
    • Implementation of the newly signed security agreement at the Khorgos International Border Cooperation Center
    Sources used for this update (4)
    1. www.intellinews.com — Taiwan's TSMC building 25 chip and packaging plants this year as AI demand outruns supply
    2. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan reaffirm commitment to allied relations
    3. www.turkiyetoday.com — Erdogan vows Türkiye won't be 'encircled' as regional tensions mount
    4. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan and China agree on mutual recognition of driver’s licenses and security at Khorgos
    confidence 90%
  19. US Envoys Push Ukraine Peace as Global Summits Loom

    U.S. envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner have traveled to Moscow for meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin before holding substantive talks with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv. This diplomatic push coincides with ongoing international gatherings in Central Asia, where Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian visited Bishkek amid mounting U.S. economic pressure and secondary sanctions. Meanwhile, Moscow has indicated it is not ruling out a trilateral meeting involving Russian, U.S., and Chinese leaders, provided a clear agenda is established.

    Why it matters

    The diplomatic maneuvers occur as major emerging economies face severe internal tests ahead of upcoming leadership summits. BRICS and Shanghai Cooperation Organization members are grappling with both expanding memberships and sharp regional divisions, including rare military friction between member states. Concurrently, Kazakhstan has strengthened its regional regulatory standing after S&P Global Ratings upgraded its assessment of the country's banking sector.

    What is confirmed

    • U.S. envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner traveled to Moscow to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin before holding talks with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv.
    • Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian visited Bishkek as Washington prepares to impose fresh secondary sanctions on financial networks tied to Iran.
    • Moscow announced it is not ruling out a trilateral meeting of Russian, U.S., and Chinese leaders depending on the agenda.

    What to watch next

    • The upcoming BRICS leadership summit scheduled for September 12 and 13.
    • Formal announcements regarding a potential trilateral meeting between Russian, U.S., and Chinese leaders.
    Sources used for this update (17)
    1. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan wins 300 km equestrian marathon at World Nomad Games
    2. jen.jiji.com — Tokayev signs decree defining powers of Kazakhstan’s Vice President
    3. apnews.com — US envoys Witkoff and Kushner are in Moscow in a new push for peace between Russia and Ukraine
    4. www.trend.az — Armenian PM calls Turkmen President to discuss bilateral ties
    5. jen.jiji.com — S&P improves assessment of Kazakhstan’s banking sector
    6. www.arabnews.com — BRICS+ faces a tough test this month
    7. en.abna24.com — Report / Iran at Eurasia’s Heart: How’s SCO Helping Tehran Cushion American Sanctions?
    8. apnews.com — US envoys Witkoff and Kushner set for talks in Kyiv after meeting with Putin in Moscow
    9. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan claims kok-boru silver at World Nomad Games
    10. jen.jiji.com — Global media spotlight: Over 250 international reporters cover 6th World Nomad Games
    11. www.aljazeera.com — US envoys hold ‘substantive’ talks with Zelenskyy in first visit to Kyiv
    12. www.thejakartapost.com — Moscow not ruling out trilateral meeting of Russian, US and Chinese leaders
    confidence 100%
  20. Xi Jinping tours Global South ahead of United States visit

    Chinese President Xi Jinping is traveling through the Global South to secure support for Beijing's agenda before visiting the United States later this month. This diplomatic push follows the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Bishkek, where Russia, China, Iran, and Turkiye challenged the US-led post-Cold War order. Xi is currently maintaining his most active travel schedule in seven years to promote Chinese global leadership and AI technology before anticipated discussions with US President Donald Trump.

    Why it matters

    Beijing is positioning itself as a leader of the Global South to counter US influence. These efforts coincide with a period of unpredictability in American foreign policy under the Trump administration. The regional focus on Central Asia is highlighted by the current World Nomad Games in Kyrgyzstan.

    Still unconfirmed

    • President Vladimir Putin, President Xi Jinping, and President Donald Trump may hold a trilateral meeting during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November, according to Kremlin aide Yuri Ushakov.

    What to watch next

    • The outcome of President Xi's visit to the United States later this month
    • Confirmation of a trilateral meeting at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November
    Sources used for this update (7)
    1. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan weather forecast for Sep 4
    2. jen.jiji.com — Kyrgyz and Kazakh poets celebrate unity at Nomad Games
    3. jen.jiji.com — Tokayev congratulates Meloni on historic government milestone
    4. timesofindia.indiatimes.com — The age of Trump: How Modi and Xi are preparing for an unpredictable America
    5. www.csmonitor.com — With Global South tour, Xi drums up support ahead of Trump meeting
    6. www.cfr.org — Horse Wrestling and Hegemony: Why Central Asia’s Nomad Games Matter This Year
    7. www.trtworld.com — Two people rescued alive from Nepal tunnel more than a week after flash floods
    confidence 90%
  21. Kremlin signals potential Putin, Xi, and Trump trilateral meeting in November

    Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping, and US President Donald Trump may hold a trilateral meeting during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November, according to Kremlin aide Yuri Ushakov. This potential meeting follows the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Bishkek, where Russia, China, Iran, and Turkiye challenged the US-led post-Cold War order. President Xi is currently undertaking his busiest travel schedule in seven years to promote Chinese AI technology and global leadership ahead of anticipated talks with Donald Trump.

    Why it matters

    The diplomatic shift occurs as leaders from Eurasia seek alternatives to Washington's partnerships. The SCO summit served as a counter-summit to the G20 meeting in North Carolina. These movements signal a broader effort to reshape international governance and security frameworks.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Russian President Vladimir Putin, US President Donald Trump, and Chinese President Xi Jinping may hold a trilateral meeting at the next Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November.

    What to watch next

    • Confirmation of the November APEC trilateral meeting schedule
    • Official statements from the White House regarding the proposed November summit
    Sources used for this update (7)
    1. jen.jiji.com — What does Tom Hardy have to do with rap and dog shampoo?
    2. www.straitstimes.com — Xi’s busiest travel itinerary in seven years is all about Trump
    3. en.sedaily.com — Bolton Says Trump Will Seek Pyongyang Summit With Kim
    4. www.trtworld.com — Six missing after vessel capsizes off South Korea's southeastern coast
    5. jen.jiji.com — Kazakhstan moves ahead with construction of first nuclear power plant
    6. jen.jiji.com — Akmaral Alnazarova reappointed as Kazakhstan’s Health Minister
    7. en.apa.az — Kremlin says Putin, Xi and Trump may hold a trilateral meeting in November
    confidence 80%
  22. SCO Leaders Challenge US Order at Bishkek Summit

    Presidents Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, and the leaders of Iran and Turkiye met in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization annual summit. The group condemned sanctions and attacks on Iran while seeking to challenge the post-Cold War order established by Washington. India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi also attended, signaling New Delhi's willingness to explore alternatives to US partnerships. The gathering serves as a counter-summit to the G20 meeting currently taking place in North Carolina.

    Why it matters

    Founded in 1996, the SCO represents 23 percent of the global economy and 43 percent of the world population. The bloc aims to coordinate regional security and economic strategies to offset Western pressure.

    What is confirmed

    • The SCO accounts for 43 percent of the world population and 23 percent of the global economy.
    • President Recep Tayyip Erdogan arrived in Bishkek on August 31.
    • The summit includes leaders from China, Russia, Iran, India, and Turkiye.

    Still unconfirmed

    • India's re-engagement with the bloc serves as a reminder to the US that it has other options.
    • The Bishkek meeting is a counter-summit to the G20 gathering in North Carolina.

    What to watch next

    • Results of the expanded session addressed by President Erdogan.
    • Outcome of the meeting between President Erdogan and President Putin.
    Sources used for this update (4)
    1. www.aljazeera.com — SCO slams attacks, sanctions on Iran: Key takeaways from Bishkek summit
    2. www.hurriyetdailynews.com — Erdoğan joins regional leaders for Bishkek summit
    3. www.scmp.com — ‘Aloof’ but engaged: what India’s SCO comeback reveals
    4. alhurra.com — What the SCO Summit Reveals About Beijing's Bet on the Middle East
    confidence 90%
  23. China, Russia, and India leaders gather for SCO summit in Kyrgyzstan

    Leaders from China, Russia, India, Iran and Turkiye met in Kyrgyzstan on Monday for a two-day Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit. The gathering aims to create a counterweight to United States global influence. Presidents Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping, along with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, are among the heads of state attending the event to coordinate regional security and economic strategies against Western pressure.

    Why it matters

    The SCO serves as a regional bloc designed to challenge Western dominance in Eurasia. This summit follows previous discussions regarding the Power of Siberia 2 pipeline and broader efforts to reduce reliance on U.S. systems.

    What is confirmed

    • Leaders of China, Russia, and India gathered in Kyrgyzstan on Monday for the SCO summit.
    • The summit is a two-day event.
    • The SCO group is billed as a counterweight to U.S. global influence.
    • Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping attended the summit.

    Still unconfirmed

    • Turkish leadership attended the summit.
    • Iranian President Pezeshkian attended the summit.

    What to watch next

    • Results of the bilateral meeting between Putin and Xi Jinping regarding the Power of Siberia 2 pipeline
    • Official communiques regarding regional security agreements
    Sources used for this update (5)
    1. www.yahoo.com — Leaders of China, Russia and India are among heads of state meeting to counter US influence
    2. nypost.com — Putin, Modi and Xi Jinping unite for anti-US global influence summit
    3. www.channelnewsasia.com — Russia's Putin and China's Xi to attend summit in Kyrgyzstan
    4. www.nbcnews.com — Leaders of China, Russia and India meeting to counter U.S. influence
    5. www.omanobserver.om — Putin, Xi and Pezeshkian attend Kyrgyzstan summit
    confidence 95%
  24. Leaders of Russia, China, Iran to attend SCO summit in Kyrgyzstan

    The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit will take place in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, with leaders from Russia, China, and Iran in attendance. The summit is expected to focus on regional security, economic cooperation, and countering Western influence. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping are set to meet on the sidelines of the summit to discuss key issues, including the Power of Siberia 2 pipeline.

    Why it matters

    The SCO summit is a significant event for the region, bringing together leaders from key countries to discuss pressing issues. The summit comes at a time when Russia and China are seeking to strengthen their ties with Central Asian countries and counterbalance Western influence in the region. The SCO was established in 2001 to promote regional security, economic cooperation, and cultural exchange.

    What is confirmed

    • Leaders of Russia, China, and Iran will attend the SCO summit in Kyrgyzstan.
    • The summit will focus on regional security, economic cooperation, and countering Western influence.
    • Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping will meet on the sidelines of the summit.
    • The SCO was established in 2001 to promote regional security, economic cooperation, and cultural exchange.

    Still unconfirmed

    • The summit may lead to new agreements on economic cooperation and regional security.

    What to watch next

    • The outcome of the meeting between Putin and Xi Jinping
    • Any new agreements or announcements on economic cooperation and regional security
    • The impact of the summit on Western influence in the region
    Sources used for this update (15)
    1. CP24 — Leaders of Russia, China, Iran to attend summit in Kyrgyzstan
    2. aa.com.tr — Xi, Modi, Putin to meet in Kyrgyzstan: What to watch at SCO summit
    3. Foreign Policy — The SCO’s Diminishing Usefulness for India
    4. Daily Sabah — Erdoğan, Putin to discuss Ukraine, Black Sea at SCO summit
    5. news.cgtn.com — SCO at 25: How China-Kyrgyzstan ties are redefining multipolar order
    6. South China Morning Post — Xi, Putin to meet in Bishkek for Power of Siberia 2 talks: Kremlin
    7. news.cgtn.com — The SCO at 25: A fulcrum for stability, in Central Asia and beyond
    8. news.cgtn.com — Can the SCO take root locally and culturally?
    9. France 24 — Putin, Xi set for Central Asia summit as Russia, China seek to counter Western influence
    10. news.cgtn.com — We Talk: SCO cultural connections in the eyes of a Kyrgyz student
    11. www.rferl.org — Putin Looks To Set Russia As Counterweight To West At Bishkek Summit
    12. www.bolnews.com — Leaders of Russia, China, Iran to attend summit in Kyrgyzstan
    confidence 85%
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