Saudis Seek to Resume Half of Key Oil Pipeline Within Days
Saudi Arabia is pushing its East-West oil pipeline toward full capacity while navigating one of the largest disruptions to Gulf oil transport in decades. Riyadh is accelerating crude shipments across the kingdom to Red Sea ports to bypass the Strait of Hormuz. Saudi Aramco offered spot oil cargoes to European buyers for October and November to compensate for supplies lost during the pipeline shutdown. The infrastructure attack raises concerns over stability despite recent de-escalation efforts, and reports differ on how quickly the pipeline will return to service.
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- ✓ Saudi Arabia is accelerating crude shipments across the kingdom to Red Sea ports to bypass the Strait of Hormuz.
- ✓ Saudi Aramco offered spot oil cargoes to European buyers for October and November.
What changed
Contradictory timelines have emerged regarding the repair duration, with reports indicating the pipeline will be out of service for weeks rather than days.
Live updates
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Saudi Pipeline Repairs Clash With Timeline Amid Gulf Crisis
Saudi Arabia is pushing its East-West oil pipeline toward full capacity while navigating one of the largest disruptions to Gulf oil transport in decades. Riyadh is accelerating crude shipments across the kingdom to Red Sea ports to bypass the Strait of Hormuz. Saudi Aramco offered spot oil cargoes to European buyers for October and November to compensate for supplies lost during the pipeline shutdown. The infrastructure attack raises concerns over stability despite recent de-escalation efforts, and reports differ on how quickly the pipeline will return to service.
Why it matters
The targeted infrastructure is critical for maintaining global energy flows when shipping through the Strait of Hormuz faces severe disruption. Saudi Aramco deployed drones, repair stockpiles, and rapid-response teams to address the damage from the strikes. The disruption forces a reconfiguration of export routes toward Red Sea ports.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia is accelerating crude shipments across the kingdom to Red Sea ports to bypass the Strait of Hormuz.
- Saudi Aramco offered spot oil cargoes to European buyers for October and November.
Still unconfirmed
- The damaged East-West oil pipeline will mostly be out of service for weeks as repairs are completed.
- Saudi Arabia is working to restore the pipeline with a goal to resume half of its capacity within days.
What to watch next
- Actual timeline for full pipeline restoration
- Further announcements regarding spot oil cargo availability for European buyers
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (6)
- saudipress.com — Saudi Arabia Pushes East-West Oil Pipeline Toward Full Capacity as ...
- www.newsday.com — Saudi pipeline hit by drones will be out of service for weeks, further restricting oil flow
- saudipress.com — Saudi Arabia’s Key East-West Oil Pipeline Targeted Following ...
- ca.finance.yahoo.com — Saudi Aramco offers spot oil to Europe after pipeline restart
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Saudis Seek to Resume Half of Key Oil Pipeline Within Days
Saudi Arabia is working to restore its East-West oil pipeline, which was damaged by drone attacks, with a goal to resume half of its capacity within days. The pipeline, crucial for oil exports, was temporarily halted after multiple drone strikes. Saudi Aramco is using drones, repair stockpiles, and rapid-response teams to accelerate restoration. The company aims to maintain stability by exploring alternative export routes.
Why it matters
The East-West Pipeline is a critical component of Saudi Arabia's oil infrastructure, and its disruption has significant implications for global oil supplies and prices. The pipeline has been hit by drones repeatedly this year, and the Saudi government is under pressure to restore operations quickly. The restoration efforts come amid ongoing tensions in the region, including the conflict in Yemen.
What is confirmed
- The East-West Pipeline has reached 5.8 million barrels per day.
- The pipeline was temporarily stopped after multiple drone attacks damaged sections of the route.
- Aramco CEO Amin Nasser says the East-West pipeline will grow by 3 million barrels a day, but the expansion will take two to three years.
Still unconfirmed
- The war with Iran could last another year.
What to watch next
- The resumption of the East-West pipeline
- Further drone attacks on Saudi oil infrastructure
- Developments in the conflict in Yemen
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (11)
- spectrumlocalnews.com — Saudi Arabia shuts down major oil pipeline, citing attacks amid fighting in Yemen
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Aramco Deploys Rapid-Response Teams to Restore Damaged Pipeline
Saudi Aramco is using drones, repair stockpiles, and rapid-response teams to accelerate the restoration of its oil operations following drone attacks. Satellite imagery shows bulldozers began constructing a new pipeline the day after a pumping station was destroyed last month. Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman previously confirmed that the East-West Pipeline has reached 5.8 million barrels per day. While loading terminals at the Red Sea recovered faster than expected, the company continues to explore alternative export routes to maintain stability.
Why it matters
The East-West Pipeline is a strategic asset for Saudi Arabia to move crude to different coasts. Recent strikes targeted this infrastructure, threatening global supply and impacting crude prices. The speed of recovery demonstrates Aramco's updated strategy for maintaining pumping capabilities under fire.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Aramco utilizes drones, rapid-response teams, and repair stockpiles to restore operations after attacks.
- Bulldozers began building a new pipeline one day after drone strikes destroyed a pumping station last month.
Still unconfirmed
- Infrastructure hit in the strikes will remain mostly out of service for several weeks for repairs.
- Saudi Arabia will resume half of a damaged key export pipeline within days.
What to watch next
- Confirmation of full operational capacity for the East-West Pipeline.
- Reports on the viability of newly explored alternative export routes.
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- help.naver.com — Futures Flat As Oil Rebounds After Trump's "Energy Ceasefire" Unravels, Memory Stocks Slide | ZeroHedge
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Saudi Pipeline Repair Timeline Disputed After Regional Strikes
Crude prices retreated after Washington reported that Saudi Arabia will resume half of a damaged key export pipeline within days. Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman announced that oil flows through the strategic East-West Pipeline have reached 5.8 million barrels per day. Operations at Red Sea loading terminals rebounded faster than expected following attacks, according to Kpler. Meanwhile, conflicting reports indicate the infrastructure hit in the strikes will remain mostly out of service for several weeks for repairs. The kingdom also sold about 60 million barrels of crude for loading in September and October from Ras Tanura through the Strait of Hormuz.
Why it matters
The disruption stems from a major attack last month and a fresh strike over the weekend that targeted Saudi petroleum infrastructure. In response to the transit bottlenecks, Saudi Arabia has channeled crude cargoes through alternate routes and aims to expand pipeline capacity outside the Persian Gulf to 10 million barrels a day within two to three years. Concurrently, regional security tensions escalated as Iran-backed Houthi rebels captured the strategic islands of Greater and Lesser Hanish.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia sold about 60 million barrels of crude for loading in September and October from Ras Tanura with cargoes crossing the Strait of Hormuz.
- Iran-backed Houthi rebels captured the strategic islands of Greater and Lesser Hanish.
Still unconfirmed
- The Saudi oil pipeline hit in strikes will be mostly out of service for several weeks for repair.
What to watch next
- Official announcements regarding the operational status and exact repair timeline of the East-West Pipeline
- Developments surrounding the GCC-EU Summit hosted by Saudi Arabia
- Updates on Saudi plans to expand pipeline capacity outside the Persian Gulf to 10 million barrels a day
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- spectrumlocalnews.com — Saudi oil pipeline hit in strikes will be mostly out of service for several weeks for repair
- thearabianpost.com — Saudi Arabia channels 60 million barrels via Sohar - Arabian Post
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Saudi Arabia Restores East-West Pipeline Flows to 5.8 Million Barrels Daily
Crude prices retreated after Washington reported that Saudi Arabia will resume half of a key damaged export pipeline within days. Saudi Arabia's Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman announced that oil flows through the strategic East-West Pipeline have reached 5.8 million barrels per day. Operations at Red Sea loading terminals rebounded more swiftly than expected following a major attack last month and a fresh strike over the weekend, according to an analysis from Kpler. Meanwhile, the kingdom is looking at ways to expand pipeline capacity outside the Persian Gulf to 10 million barrels a day within two to three years.
Why it matters
The 1,200-kilometer East-West Pipeline was commissioned in 1981 and connects main oil-producing fields in the east to the Red Sea port of Yanbu. It features a maximum capacity of 7 million barrels per day, enabling the kingdom to export crude while supplying refineries, power plants, and desalination facilities along the Red Sea coast. Security threats to this infrastructure have a direct impact on global crude markets.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia's Energy Minister announced that oil flows through the East-West Pipeline have reached 5.8 million barrels per day.
- The 1,200 kilometer pipeline connects main oil-producing fields in the east to the Red Sea port of Yanbu and has a maximum capacity of 7 million barrels per day.
- Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman stated that Saudi Arabia is looking at ways to expand its oil pipeline capacity to destinations outside the Persian Gulf to 10 million barrels a day within two to three years.
- Operations at Saudi Arabia's Red Sea loading terminals rebounded more swiftly than expected following an attack, according to an analysis from Kpler.
Still unconfirmed
- A damaged Saudi export pipeline will be fully back in days, according to Washington statements that pulled crude prices lower.
What to watch next
- Confirmation of the full operational restart of the damaged pipeline sections within the stated days.
- Movement in global crude oil prices responding to the restoration of export capacity.
confidence 100%Sources used for this update (7)
- maritime-executive.com — Saudi Bypass Pipeline Quickly Rebounded After Attack, Export ...
- www.enerdata.net — Saudi Arabia restores East-West pipeline flows to 5.8 mb/d
- oilmarketdaily.com — Saudi Pipeline Restart in Days Pulls Crude Prices Lower
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Saudi East-West Pipeline Restores Flows as Regional Energy Pressures Mount
Saudi Arabia has restored its East-West pipeline to pump 5.8 million barrels per day following a major attack last month and a fresh strike on a pumping station over the weekend. Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman announced the restoration at an event in Bahrain. Meanwhile, geopolitical friction persists as Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian rejected talks with the United States as meaningless. Concurrently, a third tanker was struck in two days near the Strait of Hormuz, while Yemeni government forces backed by Saudi air strikes seized Mocha from Houthi fighters.
Why it matters
The disruption of critical energy infrastructure and maritime routes highlights ongoing vulnerabilities in Middle Eastern supply lines amid conflict involving Iran-backed groups. Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan previously activated collective deterrence measures by agreeing to rapidly deploy forces and military capabilities to the kingdom. These developments coincide with broader regional military operations, including an anti-Houthi offensive that saw Yemeni troops advance and secure key territory along the Red Sea.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline is pumping 5.8 million barrels per day after capacity was restored following a major attack last month and a fresh strike on a pumping station.
- Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian stated that talks with the United States were meaningless.
- A third tanker in two days was struck near the Strait of Hormuz.
- Yemeni government forces backed by heavy Saudi air strikes reached the outskirts of Mocha and the Defence Ministry stated the city had fallen as Houthi fighters retreated.
What to watch next
- Further attacks or security measures along the Strait of Hormuz and regional pipelines
- Developments regarding the deployed military capabilities from Turkey and Pakistan in Saudi Arabia
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- www.aljazeera.com — Saudi Arabia says East-West pipeline pumping 5.8 million bpd
- www.thenationalnews.com — Saudi Arabia restores East-West pipeline flows to 5.8 million ...
- www.straitstimes.com — Saudi East-West oil pipeline is said to be flowing as normal
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Saudi-Backed Forces Retake Port as Deterrence Measures Activated
Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan activated collective deterrence measures and agreed to rapidly deploy forces and military capabilities to the kingdom. The move coincides with an anti-Houthi offensive where Saudi-backed Yemeni troops advanced and retook a key Red Sea port. This military alignment follows earlier regional security challenges involving drone attacks on critical energy infrastructure. Meanwhile, energy markets monitor regional stability as authorities work to secure strategic assets against ongoing military pressures from Iran-backed groups.
Why it matters
The activation of collective military deterrence follows previous disruptions to regional energy assets, including a drone attack that forced Saudi authorities to temporarily take a major pipeline offline. Securing critical Red Sea shipping and port infrastructure remains a primary objective for the kingdom amid heightened military tensions in Yemen and surrounding waterways.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan activated collective deterrence measures and agreed to rapidly deploy forces and military capabilities to the kingdom.
- Saudi-backed Yemeni troops advanced and retook a key Red Sea port in an anti-Houthi offensive.
What to watch next
- Deployment schedules and operational placements of the agreed Saudi, Turkish, and Pakistani military forces
- Further territorial shifts along the Red Sea port and frontlines involving Saudi-backed Yemeni troops and Houthi forces
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Saudi Arabia Restores East-West Pipeline to Full Capacity
Saudi Arabia has restored maximum throughput and resumed crude oil loadings from the Red Sea port of Yanbu following a disruption earlier this month. Trade sources and shipping data confirm the swift return of operations at the strategic infrastructure, offering relief to global energy markets strained by Middle East conflicts. Saudi authorities initially took the pipeline offline after a drone attack caused damage. The operational recovery highlights ongoing security risks to critical Gulf energy assets amid heightened regional military pressures.
Why it matters
The pipeline disruption followed a period of severe regional military strain for Riyadh, which previously faced critical shortages of missile interceptors during its conflict with Houthi rebels in Yemen. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman previously made a direct appeal to President Donald Trump regarding the mounting security challenges. The restoration of full pipeline capacity directly addresses the supply bottlenecks that threatened international shipments during the active threat environment.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia restored full capacity on the strategic East-West crude pipeline.
- Crude oil loadings resumed from the Red Sea port of Yanbu according to trade sources and shipping data.
- Saudi authorities took the pipeline offline this month after it was damaged in a drone attack.
Still unconfirmed
- An Iranian-backed Iraqi militia carried out the drone attack that damaged the pipeline.
What to watch next
- Further security measures implemented by Saudi authorities to protect the East-West pipeline from additional drone attacks
- Updates on the broader security situation involving Houthi rebels and regional waterways like the Bab al-Mandeb strait
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Saudi Arabia Seeks Allies for Assistance Amid Low Missile Interceptors
Saudi Arabia faces a critical shortage of missile interceptors during its ongoing conflict with Houthi rebels in Yemen, prompting Riyadh to seek assistance from regional and Western allies. The military strain compounds security pressures as the Houthis appear to take control of the Bab al-Mandeb strait. Meanwhile, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman made a direct appeal to President Donald Trump regarding the mounting challenges. Tensions have also escalated diplomatically following a defeated UAE-backed force in January that soured relations between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
Why it matters
The mounting regional security threats expose vulnerabilities in Saudi Arabia's defense architecture during its standoff in Yemen. Reconciling differences between Riyadh and the United Arab Emirates has been urged to push back against Houthi separatists, though ties suffered a setback earlier in the year. The situation poses new challenges for Washington as maritime chokepoints and critical trade routes face disruption.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia is running low on missile interceptors and has turned to regional and Western allies for assistance as its standoff with Houthi rebels in Yemen drags on.
- Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman made a direct appeal to President Donald Trump regarding the new challenges Washington could confront.
Still unconfirmed
- The Houthis appear to take control of the Bab al-Mandeb strait.
What to watch next
- Responses from regional and Western allies regarding Saudi requests for missile interceptor assistance
- Potential diplomatic efforts to reconcile Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
- Developments concerning control of the Bab al-Mandeb strait
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Saudi Arabia Restarts East-West Pipeline After Drone Strikes
Saudi Aramco has resumed oil shipments through its major East-West pipeline just over two weeks after sustaining multiple hits from September 10 drone strikes. The reopening offers a crucial alternative export route that avoids the blockaded Strait of Hormuz, briefly lowering global oil prices. The cross-country pipeline has a total capacity of about seven million barrels a day, with roughly five million typically earmarked for exports, and transports about 4% of global oil supplies.
Why it matters
The pipeline restart provides relief to global buyers as geopolitical tensions persist in the region. Donald Trump recently rejected an Iranian proposal to end the ongoing war and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, maintaining a U.S. blockade while dozens of vessels continue to handle the contested waters. The partial return of Saudi infrastructure helps mitigate supply chain pressures caused by both the maritime blockage and the earlier drone attacks.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Aramco has resumed oil shipments through the East-West pipeline a little more than two weeks after sustaining multiple hits from drone strikes.
- The pipeline transports about 4% of global oil supplies.
- The pipeline has a total capacity of about seven million a day, with about five million typically earmarked for exports.
Still unconfirmed
- Saudi officials are seeking to resume half of the key oil pipeline's capacity within days.
What to watch next
- Official announcements regarding the timeline for restoring full capacity on the East-West pipeline
- Further updates on export volumes and global oil price fluctuations
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (10)
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Trump Rejects Iranian Proposal to Reopen Strait of Hormuz
Donald Trump has rejected an Iranian proposal for a seven-day roadmap to end the war, resume nuclear talks, and reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Trump described the current U.S. blockade as a wall of steel and stated that Iran lacks funds due to its decision to close the strait. While the U.S. maintains the blockade, Trump noted that 29 ships crossed the strait last night. Qatar had acted as the intermediary, passing messages between the two nations during the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
Why it matters
The Strait of Hormuz is a critical global oil transit point. This deadlock follows a period of escalating military tension and economic pressure. The rejection signals a continued U.S. strategy of maximum pressure despite diplomatic overtures.
What is confirmed
- Donald Trump rejected Iran's proposal for a seven-day roadmap to end the war, reopen the Strait of Hormuz, and resume nuclear talks.
- Qatar passed messages between the U.S. and Iran at the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
- Trump stated that 29 ships crossed the strait last night.
What to watch next
- Response from the Iranian foreign minister currently in New York
- Updates on the status of the U.S. naval blockade
- Further diplomatic mediation by Qatar
confidence 100%Sources used for this update (5)
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Saudi Arabia and Kazakhstan Maintain Diplomatic Ties Amid Oil Infrastructure Shifts
President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev sent National Day congratulations to King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, affirming the growing multifaceted cooperation and friendship between Kazakhstan and Saudi Arabia. While Saudi Arabia manages its regional oil security, Kazakhstan is aggressively expanding its own refining capacity. Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov is overseeing projects to modernize three existing refineries and build a fourth. These efforts include doubling Shymkent Refinery capacity to 12 million tons by 2030 and increasing Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant output to 9 million tons by 2031.
Why it matters
Saudi Arabia faces ongoing threats to its oil infrastructure from Houthi attacks. Kazakhstan is simultaneously scaling its domestic processing capabilities to reduce dependence on foreign refining. These movements occur as Saudi Arabia seeks diplomatic stability with global partners like Russia and Kazakhstan.
What is confirmed
- President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev congratulated King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud on Saudi National Day.
- Kazakhstan plans to double Shymkent Refinery capacity from 6 million to 12 million tons of oil per year by 2030.
- The Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant is expected to increase capacity from 6 million to 9 million tons by 2031.
- An efficiency project at the Atyrau Refinery aims to increase capacity from 5.5 million to 6.1 million tons per year by 2027.
- Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov is reviewing directives for the construction of a fourth refinery in Kazakhstan.
What to watch next
- Progress reports on the construction of Kazakhstan's fourth refinery
- Updates on Saudi oil pipeline restoration timelines
- Further diplomatic agreements between Riyadh and Astana regarding energy cooperation
confidence 100%Sources used for this update (3)
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Putin and Saudi Crown Prince Call for Yemen Peace and Waterway Safety
Vladimir Putin and the Saudi crown prince met to discuss regional security and the necessity of diplomacy to resolve Middle East tensions. The leaders called for a rapid end to fighting in Yemen and emphasized that vessels must be allowed to pass through the Bab el-Mandeb and the Strait of Hormuz safely and without obstruction. This diplomatic push follows Houthi attacks on Saudi oil infrastructure and ongoing concerns regarding the security of key maritime transit points.
Why it matters
Saudi Arabia is currently attempting to restore half of a critical oil pipeline that bypasses the Strait of Hormuz after Houthi strikes. The region remains volatile as Saudi Arabia seeks to mitigate supply disruptions while managing the influence of Iran.
What is confirmed
- Vladimir Putin and the Saudi crown prince stated diplomacy is the only workable path to resolve Middle East tensions.
- The Kremlin reported that the two leaders called for a quick end to fighting in Yemen.
- Putin and the Saudi crown prince stressed the importance of allowing vessels to pass without obstruction through the Strait of Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb.
What to watch next
- Confirmation of the partial reopening of the Saudi oil pipeline
- Official responses from Houthi forces regarding the call for a ceasefire
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Saudi Pipeline Work Moves Ahead
Saudi Arabia is working to resume operations on half of a critical oil pipeline within days following an attack by Houthi forces in Yemen. A US energy chief stated the facility, which bypasses the Strait of Hormuz, will reopen soon. While the pipeline closure has raised supply concerns, global oil prices have fallen as US crude inventories reportedly rise. Analysts say the broader Houthi escalation has left Saudi Arabia exposed and emboldened Iran.
Why it matters
The pipeline provides an alternative export route bypassing the Strait of Hormuz, making its operational status vital for regional stability and energy markets. Houthi military actions in Yemen continue to threaten energy infrastructure in the region, creating ongoing security vulnerabilities for Saudi Arabia.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia is working to resume operations on half of a critical oil pipeline within days following an attack.
- A US energy chief stated the pipe, which bypasses the Strait of Hormuz, will reopen soon.
- Global oil prices have fallen as US crude inventories reportedly rise.
Still unconfirmed
- The Houthi attacks have left Saudi Arabia exposed and emboldened Iran.
What to watch next
- Actual reopening of the pipeline within days
- Further updates on US crude inventory levels
- Developments in the Houthi escalation in Yemen
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (5)
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Saudi Arabia Aims to Restore Half of Key Oil Pipeline Within Days
Saudi Arabia is working to resume operations on half of a critical oil pipeline within days following an attack. A US energy chief stated the pipe, which bypasses the Strait of Hormuz, will reopen soon. While the pipeline closure has raised supply concerns, global oil prices have fallen as US crude inventories reportedly rise. The attack is part of a broader escalation by Houthi forces in Yemen, which analysts say has left Saudi Arabia exposed and emboldened Iran.
Why it matters
The pipeline provides a strategic alternative to shipping oil through the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow chokepoint prone to geopolitical tension. Disruptions to this infrastructure risk the loss of millions of barrels of oil. Ongoing Houthi attacks in Yemen continue to compound pressure on Saudi energy security and global oil prices.
What is confirmed
- Saudi Arabia is seeking to resume operations on half of a key oil pipeline within days.
- A US energy chief stated the oil pipe bypassing Hormuz will reopen soon.
- Houthi forces in Yemen have targeted Saudi Arabia.
- Oil prices have fallen amid reports of rising US crude inventories.
Still unconfirmed
- The Saudi pipeline attack risks a disastrous loss of millions of barrels of oil.
- The Houthi blitz has left Saudi Arabia exposed and Iran emboldened.
What to watch next
- Confirmation of the pipeline's partial restart
- Updated US crude inventory data
- Further Houthi military activity in Yemen
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (11)
- CBS News — How Iran's regional allies' attacks in Yemen are compounding the war's impact on oil prices
- Reuters — Oil falls as US crude inventories rise despite Saudi supply concerns
- CNBC — Oil falls as U.S. crude inventories reportedly rise, traders weigh Saudi pipeline closure
- The New York Times — Saudi Pipeline Attack Risks ‘Disastrous’ Loss of Millions of Barrels of Oil
- Reuters — Insight: Houthi blitz leaves Saudi Arabia exposed, Iran emboldened
- Bloomberg.com — Saudis Seek to Resume Half of Key Oil Pipeline Within Days
- WSJ — Oil Prices Climb Higher
- Ynetnews — Houthi blitz leaves Saudi Arabia exposed, Iran emboldened
- The Jerusalem Post — Saudi Arabia facing growing pressure on multiple fronts as Houthis escalate in Yemen
- qz.com — Trump downplays U.S. role as Houthis target Saudi Arabia
- Yahoo Finance — Oil Pipe Bypassing Hormuz to Reopen ‘Soon,’ US Energy Chief Says
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