The world’s deadliest glacier disasters
Nepal and China continue recovery efforts following a massive high-altitude glacier collapse near their shared border that killed thousands of people. Nepal is seeking 20 million dollars from the United Nations Loss and Damage Fund to rebuild devastated areas. The government argues that major global polluters should pay for the recovery since Nepal produces less than 0.1 percent of global emissions. Search and recovery operations remain active in the region while satellite imagery confirms that broken bedrock and glacier ice triggered the flood.
What changed
Satellite images now confirm that a combination of bedrock and glacier fragments caused the flood.
Live updates
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Nepal and China struggle to recover from deadly border glacier collapse
Nepal and China continue recovery efforts following a massive high-altitude glacier collapse near their shared border that killed thousands of people. Nepal is seeking 20 million dollars from the United Nations Loss and Damage Fund to rebuild devastated areas. The government argues that major global polluters should pay for the recovery since Nepal produces less than 0.1 percent of global emissions. Search and recovery operations remain active in the region while satellite imagery confirms that broken bedrock and glacier ice triggered the flood.
Why it matters
The disaster occurred on August 26 near the Nepal-Tibet border. It highlights the vulnerability of high-altitude regions to climate-driven events. The funding request targets a UN mechanism designed to assist nations facing environmental damage they did not cause.
What is confirmed
- A glacier collapse near the Nepal-China border killed 1,428 people and left more than 5,300 missing.
- Nepal is requesting 20 million dollars from the United Nations Loss and Damage Fund for reconstruction.
- Nepal contributes less than 0.1 percent of global emissions.
- Satellite images show that glacier and bedrock breaking off a mountain near the Nepal-Tibet border caused the flood.
What to watch next
- The United Nations Loss and Damage Fund decision on Nepal's 20 million dollar request.
- Official casualty updates from the Chinese government regarding the Tibet side of the border.
confidence 100%Sources used for this update (5)
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Nepal seeks UN funding after deadly glacier collapse
Nepal is requesting 20 million dollars from the United Nations Loss and Damage Fund to reconstruct areas devastated by an August 26 glacier collapse near the China border. The disaster killed 1,428 people and left more than 5,300 missing. Nepal argues that major global polluters should fund the recovery because the country contributes less than 0.1 percent of global emissions. Search and recovery operations are still active in the affected region.
Why it matters
The disaster occurred during a period of increasing climate instability. A recent United Nations report indicates the Earth has lost the opportunity to prevent some of the most severe impacts of global warming.
Still unconfirmed
- The United Nations recently conceded that Earth has lost its chance to prevent some of the worst impacts of global warming.
What to watch next
- Decision by the UN Loss and Damage Fund regarding the 20 million dollar request
- Updated casualty and missing person counts from Nepal authorities
confidence 80%Sources used for this update (5)
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Nepal Flood Death Toll Reaches 1,428 as Calls for Climate Aid Grow
Search and recovery operations continue in Nepal following the catastrophic August 26 glacier collapse near the Nepal-China border, which has left 1,428 people dead and more than 5,300 missing. Authorities are seeking international support for reconstruction, requesting 20 million dollars from the United Nations Loss and Damage Fund. Nepal argues that major global polluters must pay for the disaster because the country contributes less than 0.1 percent of global emissions, highlighting the severe consequences vulnerable nations face from climate change.
Why it matters
The August 26 disaster occurred when a massive section of glacier and rock collapsed over 1,200 meters into a Himalayan mountain valley. This triggered torrential floods, mudslides, and severe river level increases that destroyed infrastructure near the border. The event has reignited global debates on climate justice and financial compensation from major industrialized emitters.
What is confirmed
- The death toll from the Nepal floods triggered by the August 26 glacier collapse has risen to 1,428.
- More than 5,300 people remain missing following the disaster.
- Nepal has requested 20 million dollars from the United Nations' Loss and Damage Fund.
What to watch next
- Decisions by the United Nations regarding Nepal's request for 20 million dollars from the Loss and Damage Fund.
- Progress of large-scale search and recovery operations for the more than 5,300 missing individuals.
confidence 100%Sources used for this update (8)
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Nepal seeks climate reparations after deadly Langtang Lirung collapse
Nepal is demanding financial compensation from major global polluters following a glacier and rock collapse on August 26. The disaster killed at least 1,300 people and left nearly 5,000 missing. A massive section of glacier and rock fell over 1,200 meters into a valley, causing river levels to rise by as much as 9.1 meters in 30 minutes. The resulting mudslides destroyed schools and erased a five-story Chinese customs building at the Gyirong border crossing. Foreign minister Shisir Khanal argues that major emitters must pay, as Nepal contributes less than 0.1% of global emissions.
Why it matters
Rapid warming in the Himalayas is accelerating glacial melt and increasing the frequency of catastrophic collapses. This event has crippled Nepal's economy and caused significant casualties in both Nepal and Tibet. The government is using the tragedy to push for international climate justice.
What is confirmed
- A glacier and rock collapse on August 26 killed more than 1,300 people.
- Nearly 5,000 people remain missing following the disaster.
- A section of glacier and rock fell more than 1,200 meters into the valley below.
- Water levels downriver rose by as much as 9.1 meters within 30 minutes.
- Nepal contributes less than 0.1% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
- The disaster caused casualties in both Nepal and Tibet.
Still unconfirmed
- A five-story Chinese customs building at the Gyirong border crossing vanished after being hit by a mudslide.
What to watch next
- Official responses from the world's largest economies regarding Nepal's demand for financial compensation
- Updates on the number of missing persons recovered from the valleys
- Scientific reports on the specific temperature triggers for the Langtang Lirung collapse
confidence 95%Sources used for this update (7)
- www.arabnews.com — Building a resilient Nepal
- www.nzherald.co.nz — Letters to the Editor: Nepal flood and glacier collapse prompt climate change warning
- www.miragenews.com — Nepal Demands Climate Justice After Floods
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Nepal demands climate compensation after deadly glacier collapse
Nepal is seeking climate compensation from the world's largest economies following a glacier and rock collapse on Langtang Lirung that killed at least 1,380 people. Foreign minister Shisir Khanal stated that major polluters must wake up, noting Nepal contributes less than 0.1% of global greenhouse gas emissions. While rescue operations continue, including the recovery of Kabir Maharjan after nine days trapped in a tunnel, scientists warn that rising temperatures may increase the frequency of such collapses and subsequent flooding. The disaster caused significant casualties in both Nepal and Tibet.
Why it matters
The event triggered massive flash floods and landslides across the Himalayan region. It has exposed the vulnerability of mountainous nations to global warming and the lack of predictive tools for cryosphere hazards.
What is confirmed
- At least 1,380 people died following a glacier and rock collapse on Langtang Lirung.
- The glacier collapse triggered deadly flash flooding in both Tibet and Nepal.
- Nepal contributes less than 0.1% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Still unconfirmed
- Kabir Maharjan survived for nine days in a tunnel beneath the flood wreckage.
- Global warming may make glacial collapses and subsequent landslides more frequent.
- The disaster is the worst flood in decades for Nepal.
What to watch next
- Official response from major economies regarding Nepal's request for climate compensation
- Updated casualty counts as search teams access hydropower tunnels
- Scientific reports on the specific trigger of the Langtang Lirung collapse
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (6)
- www.theguardian.com — Nepal says big polluters must ‘wake up’ as it calls for climate compensation over flood disaster
- grist.org — Why it’s so hard to predict a tragedy like Nepal’s glacier collapse
- www.nytimes.com — The Nepal flash flood and a cricket team in a state of shock: ‘If one person is cut, they all bleed’
- www.texarkanagazette.com — How two men survived nine days in a Nepal flood tunnel
- theworld.org — As temperatures rise, glacier collapse may become more common
- www.spectator.com.au — Nepal and the scam of climate reparations
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Nepal death toll rises as rescuers search for trapped hydropower workers
At least 1,380 people died following a glacier and rock collapse on Langtang Lirung that triggered flash floods on August 26. Rescue teams are currently prioritizing the search for 900 hydropower workers, with officials stating 121 may be trapped in tunnels. While some survivors have been recovered from rubble and tunnels, thousands remain missing. The disaster has highlighted critical gaps in early warning systems for cryosphere-related hazards across the Himalayan region, though local action and quick warnings saved hundreds of students near the Trishuli River.
Why it matters
The disaster began when a massive collapse in the Tibet Autonomous Region sent floods down the Bhote Koshi River into Nepal. This event demonstrates the increasing instability of mountain ecosystems due to climate change. Authorities in China and Nepal are coordinating relief efforts across difficult border terrain.
What is confirmed
- A rock and glacier-ice collapse on Langtang Lirung triggered devastating floods in Nepal on August 26.
- The death toll from the disaster has reached at least 1,380.
- Rescue and relief operations are ongoing along the China-Nepal border.
Still unconfirmed
- Pakistan sent 100 tonnes of humanitarian aid to Nepal.
- Rajendra Dawadi saved 900 students after receiving an urgent warning near the Trishuli River.
- Approximately 121 hydropower workers could be trapped in tunnels.
What to watch next
- Confirmation of the number of hydropower workers rescued from tunnels
- Implementation of new early warning systems for the Himalayan cryosphere
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (6)
- www.geo.tv — Pakistan sends 100 tonnes of humanitarian aid to disaster-hit Nepal
- www.philstar.com — 'The flood is coming': How a Nepal principal saved 900 students
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- www.downtoearth.org.in — The entire Himalayan region needs a robust, operational early warning system for cryosphere-related hazards
- www.globaltimes.cn — GT investigates: Why the mudslide disaster brings different impacts to China, Nepal
- www.straitstimes.com — Nepal rescuers focus on 900 hydropower workers, 121 could be trapped in tunnels, officials say
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Nepal-China Border Flood Death Toll Reaches 1,375
The death toll from flash floods and mudslides along the Nepal-China border climbed to about 1,375 on Saturday, 10 days after a massive glacier collapse triggered the disaster. Rescue operations continue to yield survivors, with rescue teams pulling a woman alive from collapsed rubble in the Nuwakot district 11 days after the disaster, and two more workers rescued from a hydropower tunnel. The initial flash flood surged down the Bhote Koshi River from the Tibet Autonomous Region into Nepal on August 26, 2026, highlighting severe risks from fragile mountain ecosystems.
Why it matters
The August 26 disaster began when a massive chunk of glacier failed at altitudes between 1,200 and 5,200 metres, sending destructive waters into Nepal and the Chinese autonomous region of Tibet. The unfolding tragedy underscores the growing danger of extreme weather and inadequate disaster preparedness across Himalayan mountain ecosystems. While rescue efforts proceed in Nepal, families in Tibet search for missing relatives against reports of information suppression.
What is confirmed
- The death toll from flash floods and mudslides along the Nepal-China border rose to about 1,375 on Saturday.
- A massive flash flood surged down the Bhote Koshi River from the Tibet Autonomous Region into Nepal's Rasuwa district on August 26, 2026.
- Rescue teams in Nuwakot district freed a woman alive from collapsed rubble 11 days after the floods, and she is receiving treatment in Kathmandu.
- Two additional workers were rescued from a hydropower tunnel 10 days after the floods.
Still unconfirmed
- Families in Tibet are experiencing information suppression by the Chinese government while searching for missing relatives.
What to watch next
- Updates on the search for thousands of still-missing people across the Himalayan region
- Further rescue and medical recovery reports from Nuwakot and Rasuwa districts
confidence 100%Sources used for this update (6)
- www.dailysabah.com — Death toll hits 1,375 after devastating Nepal-China border floods
- www.yahoo.com — 2 more rescued in Nepal 10 days after devastating floods
- thewfy.com — Nepal–Tibet Catastrophe: An Urgent Warning To The World
- thehimalayantimes.com — The rising threat from the roof of the world: Nepal's Himalayan glacier disaster demands urgent action
- en.protothema.gr — Woman found alive 11 days after deadly Nepal floods
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Two workers rescued from Nepal tunnel as Tibet families seek missing
Rescue teams saved two workers from the Trishuli 3A hydropower tunnel on September 4, nine days after a glacier collapse triggered flash floods. The August 26 disaster began when a massive chunk of glacier failed at altitudes between 1,200 and 5,200 metres, impacting Nepal and the Chinese autonomous region of Tibet. While Nepal conducts rescues, families in Tibet are searching for missing relatives amid reports of information suppression by the Chinese government. Over 1,250 people are confirmed dead, though thousands remain missing across the Himalayan region.
Why it matters
The event highlights the extreme vulnerability of Himalayan communities to glacial lake outburst floods. It has intensified global discussions on climate justice and the disparity in how nations experience environmental crises. The transboundary nature of the flood complicates rescue and information sharing between Nepal and China.
What is confirmed
- Two workers were rescued from the Trishuli 3A hydropower tunnel in Nepal at a depth of 170 metres on September 4.
- The glacier collapse and subsequent flash floods occurred on August 26.
- The disaster affected both Nepal and the Chinese autonomous region of Tibet.
Still unconfirmed
- The Chinese government is suppressing information regarding the disaster in Tibet.
- The glacier collapse started at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 5,200 metres.
What to watch next
- Official casualty figures from the Chinese government regarding Tibet
- Reports on the specific early warning signs that preceded the collapse
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (6)
- www.theguardian.com — ‘Everyone seems to have forgotten’: In Tibet, flood-hit families search for the missing and grapple with China’s silence
- au.news.yahoo.com — Why early warning signs of glacier collapse in Nepal were difficult to detect
- www.detroitnews.com — Nine days after disaster, two pulled alive from Nepal hydropower tunnel
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- www.theguardian.com — Nepal-Tibet floods: two workers pulled alive from tunnel nine days after disaster
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Death toll exceeds 1,250 in Nepal glacier flood as tunnel rescues succeed
More than 1,250 people are dead following a glacier collapse and subsequent flooding in Nepal. Rescue teams saved two hydropower workers on September 4, pulling them from tunnels 170 metres deep nine days after the disaster began. The event has sparked international debate over climate justice and the unequal vulnerability of nations to environmental disruption. While thousands remain missing, local communities in the United States are organizing aid efforts to support survivors.
Why it matters
The disaster began with a glacier collapse that triggered flash floods across the Nepal-Tibet border. It highlights the risk of cross-border climate catastrophes and the inability of global systems to prevent extreme overshoot.
What is confirmed
- More than 1,250 people have died in the Nepal flooding.
- Two workers were rescued from hydropower tunnels 170 metres deep nine days after the disaster.
Still unconfirmed
- Thousands of people remain missing following the glacier collapse.
- The disaster reflects a global climate disruption that is highly unequal.
What to watch next
- Updated missing persons counts from Nepali authorities.
- Official reports on the specific cause of the glacier collapse.
- Diplomatic agreements between Nepal and China regarding cross-border climate risk.
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (5)
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- www.dailysabah.com — World must navigate dangerous climate overshoot: UN report
- theclimatewatch.com — When climate disasters cross borders
- www.theguardian.com — Nepal-Tibet flash flood: Two workers pulled alive from hydropower tunnel nine days after disaster
- www.theguardian.com — Climate injustices have been laid bare in the Nepal-Tibet flood disaster
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Nepal Glacier Flood Death Toll Mounts Amid Climate Change Fears
Rescue efforts continue in Nepal's Himalayan region after a glacier collapse caused a catastrophic flood, with 903 confirmed dead and over 4,200 missing. Authorities warn of potential fresh flooding as water levels rise in the Bhotekoshi River. The disaster has raised concerns about climate change's role in glacier collapses and the need for cross-border cooperation between Nepal and China.
Why it matters
The Himalayan region is experiencing an increase in glacier disasters due to melting glaciers, thawing permafrost, and extreme rainfall. Climate change is exacerbating these natural disasters, making mountain catastrophes more frequent and severe. The Nepal flood disaster highlights the need for countries to work together to mitigate the effects of climate change. The region's fragile ecosystem and infrastructure make it particularly vulnerable to such disasters.
What is confirmed
- Over 3,000 people remain unaccounted for in the Nepal flood disaster.
- The Himalayan region is experiencing an increase in glacier disasters due to melting glaciers, thawing permafrost, and extreme rainfall.
- The United Nations has acknowledged that Earth has lost its chance to prevent some of the worst of global warming's harms.
Still unconfirmed
- Authorities warn of potential fresh flooding as water levels rise in the Bhotekoshi River
What to watch next
- Further updates on the number of casualties and missing persons
- Development of rescue and aid efforts in the affected regions
- International response and cooperation on climate change mitigation
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (4)
- www.timesnownews.com — The Himalayan Catastrophes That Warn of a Deepening Climate Crisis
- www.nbcnews.com — Global warming will exceed limit, U.N. says in a report that maps path to get back below danger zone
- www.theguardian.com — After the flood: human suffering on an unfathomable scale in Nepal’s worst-hit districts
- www.downtoearth.org.in — Nepal floods show that India must price the cost of infrastructure failure before disasters strike
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Nepal Flood Death Toll Surges to 903
Rescue efforts are underway in Nepal's Himalayan region after a catastrophic flood caused by glacier collapse, with 903 confirmed dead and over 4,200 still missing. Authorities warn of potential fresh flooding as water levels rise in the Bhotekoshi River. Over 3,000 people remain unaccounted for. The disaster has raised concerns about climate change's role in glacier collapses and the need for cross-border cooperation between Nepal and China.
Why it matters
The Himalayan region is highly susceptible to glacier disasters due to climate change. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers to melt and collapse, leading to devastating floods. Nepal and China share a border in the region, making data sharing and cooperation crucial for disaster preparedness.
What is confirmed
- The death toll from Nepal's floods has surged to 903.
- Over 4,200 people are still missing in the Himalayan region.
- Rescue efforts are underway, with over 3,000 people still unaccounted for.
- China's control over Tibet is hampering flood warnings and disaster preparedness.
- Avalanches like the one that devastated parts of Nepal and Tibet are becoming more common due to climate change.
Still unconfirmed
- The Nepal–Tibet frontier is an information black hole.
What to watch next
- Further updates on the number of missing persons
- Development of rescue efforts
- Official statements on cross-border cooperation between Nepal and China
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (4)
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- www.downtoearth.org.in — Nepal floods: China’s strict control of Tibet makes it harder to prepare for Himalayan disasters
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Nepal flood death toll surpasses 900
The death toll from Nepal's catastrophic floods has surged to 903, with over 4,200 still missing. Authorities warn of potential fresh flooding as water levels rise in the Bhotekoshi River. Rescue efforts are underway, with over 3,000 people still unaccounted for in the Himalayan region.
Why it matters
The disaster was triggered by a glacial collapse, which caused widespread flooding in Nepal and Tibet. Scientists warn that Himalayan floods will worsen due to warming. The disaster has prompted scrutiny of glacier flood risks globally.
What is confirmed
- The confirmed death toll from Nepal's catastrophic floods has surged to 903.
- Over 4,200 people are still missing.
- Authorities in Nepal are warning of potential fresh flooding as water levels rise in the Bhotekoshi River.
- The cause of the floods appears to have been an ice avalanche, resulting from a huge piece of a glacier collapsing.
What to watch next
- Further updates on the death toll and missing persons
- Development of fresh flooding in the Bhotekoshi River
- International response to the disaster
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (8)
- www.wtae.com — Nepal warns of possible fresh flooding as communities grapple with devastation
- Phys.org — When a mountain falls: How ice and rock triggered Nepal's catastrophic flood
- Phys.org — Nepal‑Tibet disaster linked to climate change—a glaciologist explains
- www.smh.com.au — NSW hiker first Australian declared dead in Nepal flood disaster
- www.aol.com — Nepal on high alert for fresh flooding as death toll rises past 800
- www.theguardian.com — Monday briefing: Nepal and Tibet’s floods are a warning for the future
- www.smithsonianmag.com — What Triggered the Devastating Floods in Nepal and Tibet, and Are We Due for More in the Future? Here’s What Scientists Know So Far
- news.un.org — Nepal flooding deaths surpass 900 as needs climb
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Glacier disasters worsen; Nepal floods highlight global risks
A glacier collapse caused catastrophic flooding in Nepal and Tibet, sweeping away communities. Scientists warn Himalayan floods will worsen due to warming. The disaster has prompted scrutiny of glacier flood risks globally, including in Juneau, Alaska, and other North American regions. Rescue efforts are underway for hundreds of missing people.
Why it matters
The recent Nepal-Tibet flood highlights the growing threat of glacial lake outburst floods. These floods occur when a glacier dam fails, releasing a massive amount of water. The frequency of such floods has nearly tripled over the decades. Rising temperatures and unstable Himalayan ice contribute to this trend.
What is confirmed
- Glacial lake outburst flood frequency has nearly tripled over decades.
- The Himalayas are experiencing unpredictable and increasingly frequent glacier collapses.
- Rising temperatures contribute to the instability of Himalayan ice.
- The Nepal-Tibet flood was caused by a high-altitude glacier collapse.
Still unconfirmed
- A disaster similar to Nepal's glacier collapse could happen in other regions, including Juneau, Alaska.
What to watch next
- Further rescue efforts in Nepal and Tibet
- Scientific assessments of glacier stability in the Himalayas and other regions
- Implementation of early warning systems for glacial lake outburst floods
confidence 85%Sources used for this update (28)
- National Geographic — Nepal’s Glaciers Will Flood Again. Can Scientists Predict the Next One?
- CNN — Why living downstream from a glacier has become a deadly liability
- Nation Thailand — Glacial lake outburst flood frequency has nearly tripled over decades
- LinkedIn — Why are Himalayan glaciers collapsing - CNBC TV18
- Inquirer.net — Destruction of mountains impacts communities below – Cardinal David
- The Guardian — Nepal-Tibet flood: this is the cost of not acting in the face of the climate crisis | Sunil Acharya
- The Independent — Nepal floods: Why emergency warnings weren’t enough to save victims and villages
- facebook.com — Rescue teams searched Thursday for hundreds of missing people after a catastrophic, deadly torrent of water and mud, several stories high, swept through communities a day earlier after a glacier collapsed.
- Nepali Times — We are all downstream now
- Asia Financial — More Climate Crises Loom Across the Asia-Pacific, UN Agencies Say
- The New Humanitarian — Nepal’s glacial collapse, Haiti’s latest massacre, and Mladić’s death: The Cheat Sheet
- WSJ — From the Alps to the Himalayas, Vanishing Ice Leaves Mountain Communities in Danger
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Glacier Collapse Triggers Catastrophic Flooding in Nepal and Tibet
A glacier collapse has caused catastrophic flooding across parts of Nepal and Tibet, sweeping away entire communities with torrents of water, mud, and debris. Scientists believe the event was triggered by a collapsing glacier, highlighting the instability of Himalayan ice as the planet warms. While emergency efforts now prioritize the delivery of medicine and food, experts warn that Himalayan floods will worsen. The disaster has prompted renewed scrutiny of glacier flood risks globally, including specific hazards in Juneau, Alaska, and other North American regions.
Why it matters
The Himalayas contain glaciers that are becoming increasingly unstable due to warming temperatures. China and Nepal previously established an early warning system to monitor melting ice in the region. This event underscores a broader trend of climate-linked disasters affecting mountain ecosystems.
What is confirmed
- A glacier collapse triggered catastrophic flooding in Nepal and Tibet.
- The disaster unleashed torrents of water, mud, and debris that destroyed entire communities.
- Glaciers in the Himalayas are becoming more unstable as the planet warms.
Still unconfirmed
- The disaster was likely triggered by the collapse of a glacier.
- Himalayan floods will only get worse.
What to watch next
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of the China-Nepal early warning system during this event.
- Results of the investigation into the flood by University of Dayton scientists.
- Risk assessments for North American glacier hazards following the Nepal disaster.
confidence 90%Sources used for this update (12)
- Reuters — The world’s deadliest glacier disasters
- Bloomberg.com — Nepal: The World's Mountains Are Ticking Time Bombs
- South China Morning Post — China and Nepal built an early warning system for melting glaciers in Himalayas. Does it work?
- ThePrint — Himalayan floods will only get worse, experts warn. Here’s what needs to change
- University of Dayton — UD professor among scientists investigating Himalayan flood
- New Age BD — No longer an outside story
- dw.com — Disaster in the Himalayas: 'Everything is just flat'
- The Guardian — The Guardian view on the Nepal-Tibet floods: prepare for more climate-linked disasters | Editorial
- www.pbs.org — How melting glaciers contributed to the flooding disaster in the Himalayas
- www.newsweek.com — Map Shows US Glaciers at Risk After Nepal Disaster
- www.nationalgeographic.com — Nepal’s Glaciers Will Flood Again. Can Scientists Predict the Next One?
- www.theguardian.com — The Guardian view on the Nepal-Tibet floods: prepare for more climate-linked disasters