Introduction
Breast cancer, which has been labeled one of the most common cancers diagnosed over the past five years, has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. With over 2 million women confirmed to have been affected by breast cancer, the mortality rate is alarmingly high, accounting for 684,996 deaths at a rate of 13.6 per 100,000 age-adjusted cases in 2020.1,2 Consequently, breast cancer has emerged as the leading cancer type with a notably poor life expectancy on a global scale.
Researchers have used various techniques and strategies for over forty years to construct a picture of the pre-clinical model of trial animals, primarily mice, in vitro and in vivo, intending to come as near the original as possible.3 In addition, drug efficacy and new…