Photosynthetic bacteria: Light-responsive biomaterials for anti-tumor

Introduction

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment modality based on the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its mechanism for ROS generation involves transferring energy from light to certain chemicals known as photosensitizers that can undergo photochemical reactions.¹ Many scholars believe that PDT is a promising approach for tumor treatment due to its unique advantages. First, the essential components of PDT are photosensitizers, light, and oxygen (O₂). These components are not individually toxic unless combined to trigger photochemical reactions that damage the target tissue or cells.² Second, photosensitizers accumulate in tumor tissues, which helps confine the treatment area and minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues. When…