EU Struggles for Impact in Gaza Conflict: Divisions, Reputational Damage, and Uncertain Future
The recent ceasefire in Gaza has brought a temporary respite, but it has also highlighted deep divisions within the European Union regarding its role in the Middle East conflict. EU member states have struggled to find a coherent and decisive approach, hampered by internal disagreements and a fundamental difficulty in exerting influence on such a complex geopolitical issue.
Source: The Irish Times
Deep Divisions and Reputational Damage
National capitals were divided between those supporting the Palestinians and those supporting Israel, with several nations falling somewhere in between. EU institutions themselves faced similar divisions. Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, faced criticism for appearing to offer unqualified support to Israel, a perception fueled by initial remarks made shortly after witnessing the aftermath of Hamas’s attacks on Israeli civilians. Critics, particularly in Ireland, felt her initial response lacked sufficient condemnation of Israel’s actions.
Von der Leyen’s team countered that her initial remarks, made moments after witnessing the devastating impact of the attacks, were quickly followed by calls for a ceasefire and the rapid delivery of humanitarian aid to Gaza. However, the perception of European division and the inability to create a more unified stance on the conflict have significantly damaged the EU’s reputation.
Reacting to the Crisis
The EU’s response has been characterized by a series of seemingly half-hearted measures. A key event was Ireland and Spain’s attempt to get the EU to review its Association Agreement with Israel. They argued that Article 2, which encompasses trade and relations, could be misused by Israel to violate international human rights law.
This proposal faced strong resistance, particularly from Germany, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, ultimately leading to it languishing. While Josep Borrell, the previous EU foreign policy chief, attempted to push through more critical measures, including a potential arms embargo and a suspension of political dialogue with Israel, he faced widespread opposition. This led to a significant strain in relations between Borrell and Israel, culminating in the Israeli government refusing to meet with him.
Following Borrell’s departure, Kaja Kallas, the new EU foreign policy chief, adopted a more conciliatory approach. She prioritized engaging with Israel and focused on resetting the relationship. This ultimately led to the Israeli government agreeing to discuss the Gaza conflict at the EU-Israel Association Council meeting in Brussels.
Leans Towards Peace but Challenges Remain
The EU remains committed to a two-state solution, while continuing to provide crucial humanitarian aid for Gaza. However, the region faces significant challenges. The Palestinian Authority (PA) is grappling with allegations of corruption and financial instability, placing a strain on its ability to play a constructive role in peace negotiations.
Israel’s recent military successes over Hamas and Hezbollah have emboldened its position, and it appears content to maintain its current status quo, without necessarily feeling the need to make concessions to the Palestinians.
The success of ‘The Abraham Accords’, where Arab states normalise relations with Israel in exchange for economic benefits, has also come under scrutiny, with critics arguing it does little for advancing Palestinian statehood.
The Path Ahead
The EU faces a daunting task in navigating the complex web of interests and political realities in the Middle East. Its long-term impact on the conflict remains uncertain. The coming months and years will be crucial in determining whether the EU can carve out a more effective role in promoting peace and stability in the region.
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