Introduction
Orthopedics is a medical discipline focusing on the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, nerves, skeletal system, and limbs by diagnosing and managing musculoskeletal disorders, including interconnected soft tissues. Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) shows that around 1.71 billion individuals worldwide experience orthopedic problems.1 This condition is also the main cause of disability throughout the world. Upper and lower extremity fractures are one of the main problems in orthopedic conditions, with approximately 436 million cases worldwide.2 The prevalence of upper and lower extremity fracture injuries in Indonesia reaches 5.5%.3
Upper and lower extremity fractures can cause damage to other organs of the body due to the risk of pressure from broken bones.4 This fracture conditions can be…