Introduction
Frailty, characterized by increased vulnerability resulting from age-related declines in reserve and function across multiple physiological domains, has emerged as a global health concern in the aging world population.1,2 Older people with frailty have an increased risk of fall, hospitalization, disability, and mortality.3–5 The frailty index (FI) and Fried Frailty Score (FFS) are two commonly used tools to comprehensively assess frailty.6,7 The FI quantifies frailty by considering a range of health-related deficits and capturing the cumulative impact of various physiological and clinical markers. FFS evaluates frailty based on specific criteria, including unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, and diminished grip strength. Besides, sleep disorders pose a…