Introduction
In the world, cardiovascular diseases remain the major causes of morbidity and mortality.1,2 Inflammation, as a significant hallmark of endothelial injury, is recognized to contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases.3,4 Numerous studies demonstrate that the disruption of endothelial cell homeostasis, a condition defined as endothelial dysfunction, contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammation-characterized circulatory disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.4–6 Currently, endothelial dysfunction is thought to be the critical initiating factor for inflammation and frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.7,8 Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the…