Introduction
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a major global health crisis, with its prevalence rising at an alarming rate worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 537 million individuals were affected by diabetes in 2021, with projections indicating that this figure could escalate to 783 million by 2045.1,2 This dramatic surge is particularly evident in developing countries, where lifestyle shifts, including sedentary behaviors and poor dietary choices, have accelerated the spread of T2DM.3,4 Consequently, T2DM has transitioned from being a disease of affluence to one of the most pressing public health challenges in low- and middle-income nations.
The escalating prevalence of T2DM is closely linked to the rise in obesity…