Introduction
Ophthalmic medications are commercially available and administered via standardized eyedrop bottles with an average drop size of 40 µL.1 The surface of the human eye and conjunctival sac is capable of retaining 7–10 µL, with the remainder of the overflowing fluid lost as runoff.2,3 Despite the deliverance of topical medications in 40 µL aliquots, in actuality the ophthalmic absorption is limited to the medication available within this smaller reservoir. This excess leads to unintentional pharmaceutical waste, increased medication costs and adherence issues due to more frequent refills, and greater risk of medication toxicity due to higher volumes delivered.4,5
Mydriatic agents such as tropicamide and phenylephrine are frequently administered in the…