A novel nomogram model for predicting the risk of hepatocellular carci

Introduction

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalen malignant tumor in China and globally.¹ The prognosis of HCC is extremely poor, with a 5-year survival rate of only 14.1%.² Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of HCC worldwide.³ The risk for CHB patients is 5 to 100 times higher compared to that of healthy individuals.⁴ Early diagnosis of HCC enhances therapeutic curability and prolongs overall survival, particularly emphasizing the critical need for systematic surveillance in high-risk populations.⁵ Recently, numerous HCC predictive models have been extensively utilized in clinical settings; however, these models also exhibit certain limitations. For instance, the Toronto HCC Risk Index (THRI)⁶ is utilized to estimate the risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. The aMAP model⁷ is…