Exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: benefits a

Introduction

COPD is characterized by progressive airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and alveolar destruction, leading to impaired pulmonary function and significantly reduced quality of life.¹ As the third leading cause of death globally, COPD imposes significant economic and social burdens worldwide.^2,3

Patients with COPD can benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), which has been shown to reduce symptoms and improve activity capacity, both of which are essential for enhancing quality of life.^2,3 Physical activity (PA), a key component of PR, encompasses exercise assessment and training therapy. PA is traditionally defined as any skeletal muscle movement that results in energy expenditure.⁴ Physical training is a complex behavior influenced by various subjective (such as motivation and self-efficacy) and…