Introduction
Humans require air, food, water, and sleep for survival. Adequate sleep supports cognitive function, alertness, and long-term health, while disturbances in sleep are linked to inflammation, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and mental health disorders.1–3 Water constitutes about 60% of the human body and is equally essential. Hydration status profoundly influences physiological responses such as glucose regulation, cardiovascular function, oxidative stress, and cognition.4
The potential health implications coupled with few studies on sleep and hydration status prompted our interest in their relationship. For example, Rosinger et al, found an association between inadequate hydration and shorter sleep duration (<6 hours) among adults from the US and China,3 as indicated by higher…