Introduction
Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication of general anesthesia. It is manifested as acute cognitive dysfunction characterised by mental and physical over-excitement, often accompanied by a sudden increase in blood pressure and heart rate.1 It can result in various undesirable consequences, such as bleeding or cracking of the surgical site, respiratory and circulatory complications, and injuries to the patient and medical staff.2,3 These outcomes not only hinder the patient’s recovery but also exacerbate the strain on medical resources. The incidence of EA in adults fluctuates between 0.25% and 21.3% because of demographic features, type of surgery, or other factors.1–4
In recent years, lung cancer has become the leading cause of incidence and mortality among malignant tumours in China.5…