Introduction
Background
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience a series of physical, cognitive, and psychological impairments after discharge due to factors such as physiological dysfunction, surgical trauma, pain, and reduced social interaction []. In 2010, the Society of Critical Care Medicine first introduced the term “post-intensive care syndrome (PICS)” to define this phenomenon [,]. The manifestations commonly include weakness, pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction, which can persist for months or even years. Studies indicate that 47.9% of patients still exhibit cognitive impairment 3‐6 months after transfer from the ICU []; 68% (355/523) report persistent pain after discharge, with pain intensity remaining at a moderate level even 1 year later []. Additionally, 55%…