Introduction
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease, results from the deterioration of articular cartilage and osteophyte formation along the joint margins. This condition clinically presents with symptoms such as knee pain, swelling, stiffness, joint deformity, and restricted mobility, leading to significant morbidity and disability.1 As of 2020, approximately 317 million people worldwide suffer from KOA, with projections suggesting a 74.9% increase in prevalence by 2050, potentially affecting 642 million individuals.2 Notably, 80% of KOA patients exhibit unicompartmental osteoarthritis, primarily affecting the medial knee compartment.3 Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has proven effective for this subtype and currently accounts for 10% of knee replacement surgeries…