1. Background：
With the increasing aging population, high incidence of chronic diseases, and the growing number of congenital or acquired foot deformities, lower limb dysfunction and abnormal gait problems are becoming increasingly common, posing a significant threat to public health and quality of life. Gait analysis is widely considered a sensitive biomechanical indicator for evaluating lower limb function, disease progression, and rehabilitation effectiveness. However, existing clinical gait assessment primarily relies on laboratory equipment such as optical motion capture systems and force platforms, which are not only expensive and spatially constrained but also failing to reflect natural movement in real-life scenarios.
Wearable pressure-sensing insoles offer a decentralized and continuous new…