Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to metastasis and limited responses to immunotherapy in most patients. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed treatment for certain tumor subtypes, the majority of colorectal cancers remain “immune-cold,” meaning they fail to trigger effective anti-tumor immunity. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages, especially the M2 subtype, actively promote tumor growth, invasion, and immune suppression. However, the molecular signals that drive macrophage polarization within colorectal tumors remain poorly understood. Understanding how tumor cells reshape immune behavior is therefore essential for improving therapy outcomes. Based on these challenges, deeper investigation…